【摘要】 通过建立牛顿环干涉实验的数值仿真模型，分析了牛顿环干涉条纹的特性，探究了学生在理解牛顿环干涉实验现象的过程中可能存在的偏差.结果表明：0级暗纹的形状、条纹的宽度变化等，主要是由成像系统对亮、暗条纹的分辨阈值所导致，与透镜的挤压、光源的非单色性无关.条纹的绝对级数无法确定主要是因为透镜与平板之间存在缝隙和灰尘污渍，当只存在灰尘污渍时可能会导致条纹混杂在一起、对比度下降，进而引起测量误差增大.更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper establishes a numerical simulation model of Newton’s rings interference experiment to analyze the characteristics of interference fringes and investigate potential misconceptions in interpreting experimental phenomena. The results demonstrate that the shape of the zero-order dark fringe and variations in fringe width are primarily attributed to the resolution threshold of bright/dark fringes in imaging systems, rather than lens compression or light source non-monochromaticity. The indeterminacy of absolute fringe order mainly stems from gaps between the lens and flat plate, as well as dust/contaminants. Notably, only the presence of dust/contaminants induces fringe overlapping, contrast reduction, and consequent amplification of measurement errors.更多还原