【摘要】 析氢、析氧的动力学过程迟缓，带来电解水制氢能效低、成本高的问题，给绿氢的大规模应用设置了严重障碍。开发具有低成本、高催化性能的催化材料，是突破这一瓶颈问题的关键环节。近年来，高熵材料因其优异的物理和化学性能在各领域受到广泛关注。高的混合熵可以赋予材料大的晶格畸变、显著的迟滞扩散效应和“鸡尾酒”效应，为催化剂的成分设计和性能提升提供了良好平台。高熵材料也因此开始在电解水制氢领域崭露头角，并迅速成为解决绿氢制备低能效问题的一种理想催化剂，是该领域当前的一个研究热点。鉴于此，本文综述了高熵合金和高熵陶瓷在电解水催化方面的研究现状。文章首先基于电解水反应机制，总结了高熵合金、高熵陶瓷催化剂的成分设计和结构调控策略，梳理了用于析氢和析氧催化的不同高熵合金、高熵陶瓷成分体系，介绍了高熵电解水催化剂的合成方法，并对其优缺点进行了评估，最后对该领域面临的挑战和未来发展方向进行了展望，以期为低成本、高性能高熵电解水催化剂的开发提供新思路，促进绿氢相关技术的研究和发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water splitting is suffering from low energy transformation efficiency due to the slow kinetics of the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER), posing a significant barrier to the broad application of green hydrogen. Developing catalysts with excellent catalytic performance and low cost is crucial for overcoming the energy transformation issue. Recently, high-entropy materials have attracted considerable attention in various fields owing to their superior physical and chemical properties. High mixing entropy not only introduces significant lattice distortion in metals and ceramics but also provides them with sluggish diffusion and“cocktail effects”, enabling the development of novel catalysts with outstanding catalytic performance. High-entropy materials thereby become one of the ideal catalysts for water splitting to lower the energy consumption on both the HER and OER electrodes. This article reviews the recent development of high-entropy alloys(HEAs) and high-entropy ceramics(HECs) in the field of water splitting. We first introduce the composition and structure design strategies for HEA and HEC catalysts based on the mechanism of water splitting, and then summarize the main HEA and HEC systems that display improved catalytic performance towards HER and OER. The synthesis methods for HEA and HEC catalysts are also introduced, and their advantages and disadvantages are evaluated. Finally, we provide an outlook on the challenges and prospects of the future development and application of HEAs and HECs for water splitting.更多还原