【摘要】 师资质量是教育高质量发展的关键因素，重视师资培养是当前国际学前教育领域的热议话题之一。面对人口结构的重大变化以及普及公平优质学前教育的政策挑战，明确学前教育本科专业应该培养什么人以及如何培养学前教师的问题，已成为美国各州高校学前教育专业的重要课题。基于2012-2024年美国高校学前教育专业调查数据，通过培养目标与专业教育课程（含专业基础课程、专业实践课程）两个维度的二次数据分析，系统呈现美国学前教育本科人才培养的现实图景与现存挑战。美国高校存在培养目标窄化与课程设置脱节现象：专业基础课程内容滞后于多元文化融合、双语教学能力及管理领导力发展的现实需求；专业实践课程标准化程度不足，针对0～2岁婴幼儿托育服务的实践训练亟待强化。鉴于此，通过“联邦-州-高校-行业”四方协作形成资质统一、支持公平、实践导向的教师发展生态系统可能是美国高校学前教育专业本科人才培养改革和未来的发展方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 Teachers are a key factor in ensuring the quality of early childhood education(ECE),and initial teacher education is currently one of the international hot topic in the ECE field. In the face of significant changes in the population structure and the policy challenge of ensuring equitable,universal access and high-quality to education,defining what kind of ECE teachers should be trained and how to train them has already become an important issue for Early Childhood Higher Education in the United States. Based on the database of Early Childhood Higher Education Inventory(2012-2024),administered by the Center for the Study of Child Care Employment at the University of California at Berkeley,which describes the early childhood degree programs offered in U.S. states,the features of primary goal,content of coursework,clinical experiences for students in bachelor degree program were described through secondary data analysis to systematically present the current situation and challenges of preschool education talent training in the United States.The study found that there is a phenomenon of narrowing training goals and disconnection between curriculum setting in American colleges and universities: the content of professional basic courses lags behind the realistic needs of multicultural integration,bilingual teaching ability and management leadership development;the standardization degree of professional practice courses is insufficient,and the practice training serving infants and toddlers aged 0-2 is urgently needed to be strengthened. In view of these findings,the formation of a unified qualification,fair support,and practice-oriented teacher development ecosystem through the four-party collaboration of "Federal-State-University-Industry" is likely be future directions for reform and development of undergraduate talent development in Early Childhood Higher Education in the United States.更多还原