【摘要】 神经调控技术是泌尿外科领域的重要进展，其中胫神经刺激（TNS）因其安全和操作简便等特点备受关注。本研究系统综述了TNS治疗下尿路功能障碍的作用机制、临床证据及应用前景，详细探讨了其解剖学基础、技术分类及参数优化策略，并与骶神经调控、药物及行为疗法进行了疗效对比。随着实时闭环调控系统等技术创新，以及作用机制研究的深入和个体化参数方案的完善，结合卫生经济学评估的推广，TNS有望成为下尿路功能障碍治疗的重要选择，推动该领域向智能化、精准化和普惠化方向发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Neuromodulation technology represents a significant advancement in the field of urology, among which tibial nerve stimulation(TNS) has attracted considerable attention due to its advantages of safety and ease of operation. This study systematically reviews the mechanism of action, clinical evidence, and application prospects of TNS in the treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction. It elaborates on the anatomical basis, technical classification, and parameter optimization strategies of TNS, and compares its efficacy with sacral neuromodulation, pharmacotherapy, and behavioral therapy. With technological innovations such as real-time closed-loop regulation systems, in-depth research on the mechanism of action, improvement of individualized parameter protocols, and the promotion of health economic evaluations, TNS is expected to become an important option for the treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction, driving the field toward intelligent, precise, and accessible development.更多还原