【摘要】 乌克兰“蛛网行动”通过无人机集群伪装渗透、饱和打击实现对多个俄罗斯战略基地的远程袭击，是融合混合战争理念与新质新域作战技术的典型战例，依托分布式架构与杀伤网组织模式，实现了无人蜂群与网信体系的高效协同。首先，系统复盘“蛛网行动”作战设计、技术赋能与战术运用，总结其在战争样式创新、体系作战能力生成及低空控制权争夺方面的成功经验与存在的不足。其次，结合当前低空域激烈竞争的现实态势，重点分析无人蜂群突防、智能感知组网和分布式动态指控等关键技术对未来作战样式的深远影响，研判高端军事对抗背景下低空域可能面临的集群饱和攻击、自适应协同作战等新型威胁。最后，从作战概念开发、关键技术布局和指控体系优化等维度，建议加强蜂群“攻”布局，抢占发展先机；提速蜂群“防”发展，捍卫低空安全。更多还原

【Abstract】 Operation Cobweb in Ukraine executed long-range strikes against multiple Russian strategic based through the covert infiltration and saturation attacks by drone swarms, serve as a typical case that integrates hybrid warfare concepts with advanced operational technologies in new domain and quality. Leveraging a distributed architecture and a kill web organizational model, it achieved efficient collaboration between unmanned swarms and network-centric systems. This paper begins by systematically reviewing the operational design, technological enablement, and tactical application of Operation Cobweb, summarizing both its successful experiences and shortcomings in terms of innovation in warfare patterns, generation of systematic combat capabilities, and seizure of low-altitude control. Subsequently, considering the current intense competition in the low-altitude domain, it focuses on analyzing the profound impact of key technologies, such as unmanned swarm penetration, intelligent sensing networking, and distributed dynamic command and control on future operational patterns. The study also assesses potential new threats in the low-altitude domain amid high-end military confrontations, including swarm saturation attacks and adaptive cooperative operations. Finally, from the perspectives of operational concept development, key technology deployment, and commandand-control system optimization, recommendations are proposed: strengthening the offensive layout of swarms to seize developmental opportunities, and accelerating defensive development to safeguard low-altitude security.更多还原