【摘要】 中国红壤区作为热带亚热带核心农业带，承载着全国30%的耕地资源，却因工业生产(包括采矿、冶炼、化工、制造等)、农业活动叠加地质高背景，成为镉(Cd)、砷(As)、铅(Pb)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铬(Cr)、汞(Hg)等重金属污染的集中区。农田红壤特有的强酸性(pH<5.5)、低有机质含量(<20 g/kg)及氧化还原交替环境，显著增强了重金属的生物有效性，导致其“土壤–作物–食物链”迁移风险加剧，威胁粮食安全与人体健康。本文系统梳理了红壤区重金属污染的“工业主导、农业叠加”来源特征，发现区域Cd、As、Pb污染较为严重，重金属含量总体呈现东高西低的分布格局。同时，文章综述了多金属复合污染下红壤中铁铝氧化物的动态转化、有机质络合能力不足等关键界面过程，评估了水分管理、钝化改良、植物提取修复等技术的红壤适配性，最后指出红壤区重金属污染治理修复面临源头管控压力大、多金属复合污染普遍、钝化剂长效性差等挑战，提出未来需发展功能化/改性等特异性钝化材料，构建污染风险智能监测–模型预测体系，形成“源头阻控–过程阻断–末端治理”的全链条治理体系，为红壤区实现高质量农业生产与生态安全协同提供理论支撑与实践路径。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the core agricultural area in the tropical and subtropical regions, China’s red soil area accounts for 30% of the country’s agricultural land. However, due to industrial production(including mining, smelting, chemical manufacturing, etc.), agricultural activities, and a high geochemical background, it has become a concentration area for heavy metal pollution such as cadmium(Cd), arsenic(As), lead(Pb), copper(Cu), zinc(Zn), chromium(Cr) and mercury(Hg). The strong acidity(pH<5.5), low organic matter content(<20 g/kg), and redox alternation of red soil significantly enhance the bioavailability of heavy metals, leading to the increased risk of soil-crop-food chain migration and threatening food security and human health. In this paper, we systematically reviewed the characteristics of the “industry-led and agriculture-overlapping” sources of heavy metal pollution in the red soil area. It was found that cadmium(Cd), arsenic(As), and lead(Pb) contamination are particularly severe, and the heavy metal concentrations are higher in the east and lower in the west. We revealed the key interfacial processes, such as the dynamic transformation of iron and aluminum oxides and the insufficient complexation capacity of organic matter under the multi-metal composite pollution, and evaluated the applicability of remediation technologies, such as water management, passivation improvement, and phytoremediation in red soil. Furthermore, we identified the challenges in heavy metal remediation within red soil regions, including significant pressure for source control, widespread multi-metal complex contamination, and poor long-term efficacy of passivators. In the future, to provide theoretical foundations and practical paths for the realization of high-quality agricultural production and ecological safety in the red soil regions, it’s necessary to develop specific materials such as functionalized/modified passivation materials, establish an intelligent pollution risk monitoring and predictive modeling system, and form a whole chain management system of “source blocking control-process blocking-end management”.更多还原