【摘要】 土壤生物数量庞大、种类繁多，其中敏感物种能够快速响应土壤生态环境变化，在土壤健康评价、维持及提升过程中具有重要意义。作为土壤健康评价体系的重要组成部分，土壤生物指标的发展受到指标选择、样品采集和技术分析等诸多问题的限制，应用频率低于理化指标。近年来，随着土壤生物群落结构和多样性研究技术的不断进步，基于生物指标的土壤健康评价逐渐成为研究热点。本文系统梳理了土壤生物的主要类型和代表性物种，介绍了当前土壤健康评价中常用的土壤生物指标及其表征功能，以期为土壤健康评价中生物指标的选择及目标数据集的构建提供借鉴。同时，本文还探讨了当前土壤生物指标发展过程中面临的主要问题，并展望其在未来土壤健康监测与管理中的应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 Soil harbors an immense diversity and abundance of organisms, playing a vital role in ecosystem functions. Sensitive species within this soil biota can rapidly respond to changes in soil ecological conditions, making them crucial indicators for the assessment, maintenance, and enhancement of soil health. As an essential component of soil health evaluation systems, the development and application of soil biological indicators are often less frequent than physicochemical indicators, constrained by challenges in indicator selection, sample collection, and technical analysis. However, recent advancements in technologies for studying soil community structure and diversity have spurred growing interest in biological indicator-based soil health evaluation, making it a research hotspot. This article systematically reviewed the major types of soil organisms and representative species, introduced the commonly used soil biological indicators in current soil health assessments and their indicative functions, aiming to provide references for selecting biological indicators and constructing target data sets. Furthermore, the article discussed the main challenges currently facing the development of soil biological indicators and outlined their prospective applications in future soil health monitoring and management.更多还原