【摘要】 土壤酸化的本质是酸碱平衡失调。当pH低于5.5时，以Al³⁺形式存在的活性铝含量随土壤pH降低迅速增加，成为限制作物生长发育和产量的关键因子。本文系统剖析了土壤酸化与铝毒成因，阐述了植物抗铝毒策略及其分子调控网络，并重点论述了靶向控铝技术从单一效应向综合调控、从经验应用到精准实施的研究进展，包括传统无机改良剂、新型有机–无机复合或纳米缓释材料应用、生物调控及精准实施技术，深入探讨了控铝技术持久性、区域适应性以及多重胁迫协同调控等关键科学问题。综合分析表明，植物–微生物–土壤互作改良体系构建、基于酸碱平衡的铝转化模型开发以及纳米–缓释–复合等新型材料研发是酸化土壤靶向控铝的重要发展方向，对推动酸性土壤可持续利用具有重要理论和实践意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The essence of soil acidification lies in the imbalance of acid-base equilibrium. When pH drops below 5.5, active aluminum in the form of Al³⁺ rapidly increases with decreasing soil pH, becoming a critical factor limiting crop growth, development, and yield. This review systematically analyzed the causes of soil acidification and aluminum toxicity, elucidated plant aluminum-tolerance strategies and their molecular regulatory networks. It emphasized research progress in targeted aluminum control technologies, transitioning from single-effect approaches to integrated regulation and from empirical application to precision implementation, including traditional inorganic amendments, novel organic-inorganic composites or nano-controlled-release materials, biological regulation, and precision implementation technologies. Key scientific issues such as the durability of aluminum control technologies, regional adaptability, and synergistic regulation under multiple stresses were thoroughly discussed. Comprehensive analysis indicates that construction of plant-microbe-soil interaction amelioration systems, development of aluminum transformation models based on acid-base ion balance, and research and development of novel materials such as nano-, controlled-release, and composite formulations represent important developmental directions for targeted aluminum control in acidified soils, holding significant theoretical and practical implications for promoting sustainable utilization of acidic soils.更多还原