【摘要】 胎儿生长受限（fetal growth restriction,FGR）是孕期较为常见的并发症，可导致新生儿发病率和死亡率升高，并影响其成年后的健康状况，包括胎死宫内、早产、脑室内出血、脑瘫、新生儿死亡以及远期心肾和神经发育障碍。叶酸和维生素B12是正常胚胎发育所必需的微量营养素，同型半胱氨酸（homocysteine,Hcy）是一种含硫氨基酸，是蛋氨酸和半胱氨酸代谢过程中产生的重要中间产物。亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶（methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase,MTHFR）是调节Hcy和四氢叶酸代谢的关键酶。叶酸、维生素B12、Hcy和MTHFR在妊娠生理和病理过程中发挥着重要作用，本综述探讨FGR与叶酸、维生素B12、Hcy及MTHFR基因多态性的关系，以期为临床预防和治疗FGR提供新思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a relatively common complication of pregnancy,fetal growth restriction(FGR) increases the risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality and adult health conditions, including intrauterine fetal death, preterm labor, intraventricular hemorrhage, cerebral palsy, neonatal death, and long-term cardio-renal and neurodevelopmental disorders. Folic acid and vitamin B12 are essential micronutrients for normal embryonic development. Homocysteine(Hcy) is a sulfurcontaining amino acid that is an important intermediate product produced during the metabolism of methionine and cysteine. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR) is a key enzyme in the regulation of Hcy and tetrahydrofolate metabolism. Folic acid, vitamin B12, Hcy and MTHFR play important roles in the physiological and pathological processes of pregnancy. The relationship between FGR and polymorphisms in the genes of folic acid, vitamin B12, homocysteine and MTHFR has been summarized, which will provide new ideas for the clinical prevention and treatment of FGR.更多还原