【摘要】 通过研究沼液部分替代化肥对川中丘陵区水稻产量和品质、土壤养分及重金属污染风险的影响，为沼液的资源化利用提供科学依据。开展连续3年的田间小区试验，设置空白对照（T1）、农民常规施肥（T2）、优化施肥（T3）、沼液替代15%氮肥（T4）和沼液替代30%氮肥（T5）5个处理，在水稻收获时测定水稻产量和籽粒品质、土壤养分和重金属含量。结果表明，沼液与化肥配施有助于提高水稻产量。3年来（2022—2024年），T3、T4、T5处理的年平均籽粒和秸秆产量明显高于T2处理，分别增加了6.72%和8.61%、7.22%和7.65%、7.81%和10.79%。T3、T4和T5处理的3年平均籽粒氮素累积量和3年平均秸秆氮素累积量显著高于T2处理，但沼液替代化肥对水稻氮肥利用率没有显著影响。与T3处理相比，T5处理籽粒中直链淀粉含量增加2.43%，垩白率降低6.70%，蛋白质含量降低1.17%。此外，与T3处理相比，T4与T5处理土壤中铜含量平均增幅分别为5.75%和13.46%，锌含量平均增幅分别为3.29%和9.52%，且水稻籽粒中重金属含量远低于食品限量标准值。随沼液替代化肥比例的增加，土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量增加。与T3处理相比，T5处理土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别增加5.63%、4.12%、7.14%和5.38%。沼液替代30%化肥能培肥土壤、提高水稻产量和品质、降低肥料成本，可作为川中丘陵区水稻种植的施肥管理策略。更多还原

【Abstract】 By investigating the effects of partially substituting chemical fertilizers with biogas slurry on rice yield and quality,soil nutrient dynamics,and heavy metal pollution risks in the hilly regions of central Sichuan,this study provided a scientific foundation for the resource utilization of biogas slurry. A three-year(2022—2024) continuous field trial was conducted with five treatments:no fertilization(T1),conventional farmer fertilization(T2),optimized fertilization(T3),15% nitrogen substitution with biogas slurry(T4),and 30% nitrogen substitution with biogas slurry(T5). Rice yield,grain quality,soil nutrients,and heavy metal content were analyzed at harvest. Combined application of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizers significantly improved rice yield. Over three years,the average annual grain and straw yields under T3,T4 and T5 were notably higher than those under T2,with increases of 6.72% and 8.61%(T3),7.22% and 7.65%(T4),and 7.81% and 10.79%(T5),respectively. Nitrogen accumulation in grains and straw under T3,T4,and T5 was significantly higher than that under T2,though biogas slurry substitution showed no significant effect on nitrogen use efficiency. Compared to T3,T5 increased amylose content by 2.43% and reduced chalkiness rate by 6.70%,while reducing protein content by 1.17%. Soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium increased with higher biogas slurry substitution ratios. Relative to T3,T5 enhanced these parameters by 5.63%,4.12%,7.14%,and 5.38%,respectively. Soil copper and zinc content under T4 and T5 increased by 5.75% and 13.46%(copper) and 3.29% and 9.52%(zinc),respectively,compared to T3. However,heavy metal levels in rice grains remained well below national food safety thresholds. Substituting 30% of chemical fertilizers with biogas slurry(T5) effectively enhanced soil fertility,boosted rice yield and quality,and reduced fertilizer costs. This strategy could be recommended as a sustainable fertilization management approach for rice cultivation in the hilly areas of central Sichuan.更多还原