【摘要】 为揭示烟田土壤养分和细菌群落对覆膜的响应机制，在贵州南部典型烟草种植区设置裸土栽培（CK）和覆膜栽培（MU）处理，观测土壤理化性状和细菌群落，探讨土壤酶、细菌群落与环境因子的相关性。结果表明，覆膜栽培土壤速效钾含量在打顶期和打顶期后30 d均显著高于裸土栽培，增幅分别为12.77%～41.44%和11.75%～16.33%。蔗糖酶活性在打顶期、打顶期后30 d和采烤结束期较裸土栽培分别下降了9.98%～26.30%、21.44%～25.74%和6.58%～26.48%；酸性磷酸酶活性在采烤结束期提高至显著水平（P<0.05），增幅达9.06%～14.94%；覆膜栽培模式改变了土壤细菌群落结构，并降低了土壤细菌群落丰富度；覆膜栽培提升了绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）和酸杆菌门（Acidobacteriota）的相对丰度，增幅分别为47.85%～54.00%和36.54%～73.94%，变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和放线菌门（Actinobacteriota）的相对丰度分别降低了32.23%～32.35%和24.10%～40.68%。冗余分析结果表明，速效钾、有效磷和蔗糖酶是影响土壤细菌群落结构变化的关键因子。综上，覆膜栽培模式有利于提高黔南典型烟区土壤肥力，保证土壤养分对烤烟生长的均衡供应，并提高了烤烟根际土壤有益菌丰度占比，但会降低根际土壤细菌群落丰度。该结果对烤烟覆膜栽培在贵州南部典型烟区的应用具有较好的指导作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to reveal the response mechanism of soil nutrients and bacterial communities in tobacco fields to mulching,bare soil cultivation(CK)and mulching(MU)treatments were set up in a typical tobacco growing area in southern Guizhou,to observe soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities,and to explore the correlation between soil enzymes,bacterial communities and environmental factors. The results showed that the soil available potassium content of mulching cultivation was significantly higher than that of bare soil cultivation at the topping stage and 30 days after the topping stage,with increases ranging from 12.77%-41.44% and 11.75%-16.33%,respectively. Sucrase activity decreased by 9.98%-26.30%,21.44%-25.74% and 6.58%-26.48% at topping,30 days after topping and end of harvesting and roasting periods,respectively,compared to bare soil cultivation. Acid phosphatase activity increased significantly(P<0.05)at the end of the harvesting and roasting period,with increases ranging from 9.06%-14.94%. The mulching cultivation mode changed the soil bacterial community structure and reduced the soil bacterial community richness. Mulching cultivation enhanced the relative abundance of Chloroflexi and Acidobacteriota by 47.85%-54.00% and 36.54%-73.94%,respectively reduced Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota by 32.23%-32.35% and 24.10%-40.68%,respectively. The results of redundancy analysis showed that available potassium,available phosphorus and sucrase were the key factors influencing the changes in soil bacterial community structure. In conclusion,the mulching cultivation mode was conducive to improving soil fertility and ensuring balanced supply of soil nutrients to the growth of roasted tobacco in typical tobacco areas in southern Guizhou,and increased the percentage of beneficial bacteria abundance in the rhizosphere soil of roasted tobacco,but decreased the abundance of soil bacterial community in the inter-root soil. This result is a good guide for the application of roasted tobacco mulching cultivation in typical tobacco areas in southern Guizhou.更多还原