【摘要】 通过3年定位试验，研究有机肥等氮量替代化肥对半干旱区马铃薯农田土壤团聚体稳定性及其有机碳、全氮含量的影响，探索该地区有机肥替代化肥的适宜比例及其效果，实现化肥减量增效。田间试验设置5个不同施肥处理：（1）100%化肥氮（CK）;（2）25%有机肥氮+75%化肥氮（M25）;（3）50%有机肥氮+50%化肥氮（M50）;（4）75%有机肥氮+25%化肥氮（M75）;（5）100%有机肥氮（M100）。研究结果表明：与CK相比，有机肥等氮量替代化肥模式有利于降低0～20 cm土层土壤<0.25 mm粒级微团聚体占比，提高>2 mm粒级大团聚体占比，显著增加了>0.25 mm土壤团聚体所占比重(R_0.25)、团聚体平均质量直径（MWD）和几何平均直径（GMD），增加了水稳性团聚体有机碳和全氮含量，以M50处理效果最明显，较CK土壤水稳性团聚体有机碳、全氮含量分别显著增加7.32%～8.28%、18.2%～20.3%。综上所述，在西北黄土丘陵半干旱区黄绵土条件下，有机肥等氮量替代化肥有利于促进土壤微团聚体（<0.25 mm）向大团聚体转化，提高土壤团聚体的稳定性，促进有机碳（氮）在团聚体中富集，有利于增加土壤有机碳（氮）库，以有机肥等氮量替代50%化肥氮的模式效果明显。更多还原

【Abstract】 Through three years of positioning experiment,the effects of organic manure replacing chemical fertilizer with equal nitrogen on the stability and organic carbon and total nitrogen content of soil aggregates in potato field of semi-arid area,in order to explore the appropriate proportion and effects of organic manure replacing chemical fertilizer,and achieve the reducing fertilizer and increasing fertilizer efficiency. Five different fertilization treatments were set up in the field experiment:100% chemical fertilizer nitrogen（CK）,25% organic manure nitrogen +75% chemical fertilizer nitrogen（M25）,50%organic manure nitrogen +50% chemical fertilizer nitrogen（M50）,75% organic manure nitrogen +25% chemical fertilizer nitrogen（M75）,and 100% organic manure nitrogen（M100）. The results showed that:compared with CK,organic manure replacing chemical fertilizer with equal nitrogen model was beneficial for reducing the proportion of soil microaggregates（<0.25 mm）,increasing the proportion of large aggregates（>2 mm）,and increasing significantly contents of R_0.25,mean weight diameters（MWD）and geometric mean diameter（GMD）of soil aggregates in the soil depth of 0-20 cm, organic carbon and total nitrogen contents of water stable aggregates,and the increase amplitude of large aggregates（>2 mm）was the largest. The effect of M50 treatment was the best,which increased significantly organic carbon and total nitrogen contents of water stable aggregates by 7.32%-8.28% and 18.2%-20.3%,respectively,compared with CK. In conclusion,under the condition of loess soil in the semi-arid hilly region of northwest China,model of organic manure replacing chemical fertilizer with equal nitrogen could promote the transformation of soil microaggregates（<0.25 mm）into macroaggregates,and increase the stability of soil aggregates and promote the enrichment of organic carbon（nitrogen）in aggregates,and increase soil organic carbon（nitrogen）storage,the effect of organic fertilizer nitrogen replacing 50%chemical fertilizer nitrogen mode was the most obvious.更多还原