【摘要】 完善全球治理、构建公正合理的全球治理体系已成为时代课题。作为全球治理的重要组成部分，全球公域治理涵盖了公海和国际海底区域、极地、大气空间、外太空、网络空间等国家主权管辖范围外领域和资源的治理安排，全球公域也因其丰富的资源和重要的战略地位而日益受到各国关注。全球公域治理中的制度性权力指影响全球公域定义、议题议程设置、资源分配及制度建设的能力。当前，全球公域治理面临困境。定义不明确导致概念和议题界定模糊，技术水平差异致使参与治理程度不一，治理乏力与利益分歧催生议题联盟，共识缺乏造成全球公域规范机制供给不足，从而提供了制度性权力的行使空间。美欧等大国竞相利用其知识或技术等优势，通过模糊泛化概念争夺知识定义权，利用技术支配权筑建“小院高墙”，建立利益关系网络掌握关系主导权，争夺规则制定权以构建对自身有利的国际秩序。不同于美西方强调制度性权力的竞争性路径，中国应提出全球公域治理的中国方案，积极提供全球公域公共产品，通过构建认知、制度、责任共同体，引导建立公平公正的全球公域话语体系和治理秩序，从而推动构建人类命运共同体。更多还原

【Abstract】 Improving global governance and building a fair and equitable global governance system has become a defining task of our time. As an integral component of global governance, the governance of the global commons encompasses institutional arrangements for the areas beyond national jurisdiction, which include the high seas and the international seabed, the polar regions, the atmosphere, outer space, and cyberspace. Owing to their abundant resources and significant strategic value, these domains have increasingly drawn the attention of states worldwide. As a complex system, the global commons exhibit non-exclusivity and competitiveness in terms of resources, as well as holism and inter-connectivity in governance. However, the international community has not yet reached a consensus on governance arrangements for these domains. This raises two fundamental questions: what are the prevailing attitudes of various actors, particularly Western powers such as the United States and Europe? And how should China and other Global South countries respond to these dynamics?This paper argues that at present, the governance of the global commons is confronted with profound challenges. The absence of a clear and authoritative definition has led to conceptual ambiguity and blurred issue boundaries; disparities in technological capabilities have resulted in uneven levels of participation;weak governance capacity and divergent interests have fostered the formation of issue-based alliances; and the lack of broad consensus has caused an insufficiency in the supply of normative and institutional mechanisms. These conditions have created a favorable environment for Western powers, particularly those endowed with advantages in knowledge and technology, to acquire and exercise institutional power within the global commons governance framework. Institutional power in the governance of global commons refers to the capacity to influence the definition of the global commons, the setting of agendas and issues, the allocation of resources, and the design of institutional frameworks. Major powers such as the United States and the European Union have sought to expand and blur conceptual boundaries to assert epistemic authority, to build“small yards with high fences” through technological dominance in order to strengthen technological control, to construct networks of interest relations to secure relational dominance, and to compete for rulemaking power to shape an international order that serves their strategic interests. In contrast to the Westerncentric, competitive paradigm, China should propose its own vision. This entails actively providing global public goods and promoting a fairer governance order through building communities of shared cognition, institutions, and responsibilities. By doing so, China aims to guide the establishment of a fair and equitable discourse and governance order for the global commons, thereby contributing to the realization of a community with a shared future for mankind.更多还原