【摘要】 针对机车车轮径向裂损问题展开研究。对损伤车轮的化学成分、宏观形态、微观形貌以及硬度、力学性能、残余应力等进行测试，发现车轮基体的原始组织结构未见异常，但在踏面区域发现了白层组织和热影响层，表明其在运用过程中受到严重热影响。车轮踏面的残余应力呈现拉应力状态，且在断口处观察到了黑色的闸瓦嵌入物。研究结果表明：车轮踏面在闸瓦作用下产生了大量的热，导致材料的组织形态发生改变；在交替热应力和残余拉应力的耦合作用下，车轮踏面产生了热疲劳裂纹并发生裂纹扩展，最终导致径向裂损的发生。更多还原

【Abstract】 The problem of radial cracking of locomotive wheels was investigated. Key influencing factors such as the chemical composition, macroscopic morphology, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the damaged wheels were systematically analyzed. It is found that there is no abnormality in the original organization and structure of the wheel matrix. A white layer and heat-affected zone are found in the tread area, indicating that it has been subjected to severe thermal influence in its application process. The residual stresses in the wheel tread show residual tensile stresses and the embedded black brake shoe is observed at the fracture. The results show that the wheel tread generated a large amount of heat under the action of the brake shoe, which led to changes in the organization and morphology of the material. Under the coupling of alternating thermal stresses and residual tensile stresses, the wheel tread develops thermal fatigue and crack expansion, which eventually leads to the occurrence of radial cracking.更多还原