【摘要】 碳量子点（CQDs）作为一种新型的纳米材料，因其独特的光学性质、优异的生物相容性和环境稳定性而广泛应用于各个领域，其合成方法主要包括自上而下法和自下而上法。本文主要对碳量子点的发展来源、合成方法和应用研究进展进行概述，并对其未来发展方向进行了展望。目前，CQDs研究面临合成流程复杂且条件严苛、荧光机制不确定、固态下极易发生荧光猝灭等难题。在今后的研究中，可以尝试改良实验条件或设计新路线，从而优化CQDs的合成方法；通过化学修饰或物理手段引入功能基团、掺杂元素，从而改善表面性质，并兼顾环境友好与生物相容性；应积极探索其在新能源、催化、生物医学等领域新应用，强化多学科合作，协同攻克CQDs合成、性能调控及应用开发难题。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a new type of nanomaterial,carbon quantum dots(CQDs)are widely used in various fields due to their unique optical properties,excellent biocompatibility and environmental stability. Their synthesis methods mainly include top-down and bottom-up method. In this paper,the development sources,synthesis methods and application research progress of carbon quantum dots are mainly summarized,and its future development direction is prospected. At present,the research of CQDs is faced with complex synthesis processes and harsh conditions,uncertain fluorescence mechanism,and easy fluorescence quenching in solid state. In future research,efforts should focus on optimizing synthesis methods by refining experimental conditions or designing novel pathways.Additionally,introducing functional groups and doped elements through chemical modifications or physical means can enhance surface properties while maintaining environmental friendliness and biocompatibility. It is imperative to actively explore new applications in emerging fields such as new energy,catalysis,and biomedicine,while fostering multidisciplinary collaboration to collectively address critical challenges in CQDs synthesis,performance modulation,and practical application development.更多还原