【摘要】 鉴于氢气的易燃易爆特性，氢燃料电池汽车（HFCV）的安全性是大家关注的焦点之一，氢泄漏防控则是保障其安全运营的核心挑战，因此需要系统研究燃料电池汽车的氢气泄漏扩散机理及其控制策略。本研究选取国产某款燃料电池乘用车作为研究对象，基于计算流体力学原理，通过Fluent软件建立车载供氢系统的三维物理模型，对氢气泄漏扩散过程进行数值模拟分析。进一步探究导流装置的控流效应，创新性地提出两种差异化导流板设计方案，通过对比分析揭示其气控机理。仿真数据表明，相比X、Y两个方向，氢气于Z方向泄漏存在较大安全隐患，且随着泄漏量增加，氢气扩散范围迅速扩大，浓度升高，安全隐患增大；导流板能有效引导氢气聚集，有助于实现从多点监测到单点监测的转变，降低成本，但仍存在许多问题，需要大量工作对导流板进行优化。本研究为氢燃料电池汽车的氢气泄漏防控提供了理论依据，对推动氢能技术商业化进程具有重要意义。未来研究将考虑实际环境因素影响，进一步优化导流板设计，提高氢气泄漏防控的安全性和经济性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Given the highly flammable and explosive characteristics of hydrogen, the safety of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles(HFCVs) remains a primary concern, with hydrogen leakage prevention representing a fundamental challenge for operational safety. This study systematically investigates hydrogen leakage diffusion mechanisms and control strategies in fuel cell vehicles. Using a domestic fuel cell passenger vehicle as the research subject, a threedimensional physical model of the onboard hydrogen supply system was developed using computational fluid dynamics(CFD) principles through Fluent software to analyze hydrogen leakage diffusion processes. The research examines flow control effects of diversion devices, presenting two innovative deflector plate designs and analyzing their gas control mechanisms through comparative assessment. Simulation results demonstrate that Z-axis hydrogen leakage presents significantly higher safety risks compared to X and Y axes, with increased leakage volumes leading to rapid expansion of diffusion range, elevated concentrations, and heightened safety risks. The deflectors effectively channel hydrogen accumulation, facilitating transition from multi-point to single-point monitoring, thereby reducing costs. However, substantial optimization challenges remain. This research establishes theoretical foundations for hydrogen leakage prevention in HFCVs, contributing significantly to hydrogen energy commercialization advancement. Future research will incorporate environmental factors to enhance deflector designs, improving both safety and economic efficiency of hydrogen leakage control.更多还原