【摘要】 轻量化和低噪声是高速列车发展的趋势，在实现轻量化的同时需保证较高的隔声性能。基于FE-SEA法建立预测分析模型，用于评估高速列车型材结构的隔声特性，并研究其轻量化声学优化方法。由于高速列车结构隔声性能评价采用计权隔声量这一单值评价指标，而最大不利偏差对计权隔声量影响最显著，因此提出控制最大不利偏差以提升其隔声性能的方法。针对最大不利偏差频率，采用加筋和凹凸处理方式进行结构优化，改变关键结构局部刚度，以高效提升其隔声性能。结果表明：控制隔声最大不利偏差可以有效提升其隔声性能；在对结构进行外凸处理时，轻量化效果更为显著；通过对上板沿x轴加筋的同时对下板沿y轴采用外凸处理，可明显降低结构隔声最大不利偏差，使其计权隔声量增加5.5 dB,取得了较好的轻量化声学优化效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Lightweight and low noise are the development trends for high-speed trains, yet achieving lightweight of high-speed train extrusion while maintaining high sound insulation performance poses a critical technical challenge.A prediction model of sound insulation was established based on FE-SEA method to evaluate the acoustic characteristics of high-speed train extrusion, and to investigate the lightweight acoustic optimization method. As the weighted sound insulation serves as the single evaluation index for evaluating the sound insulation performance of high-speed train structure, and the maximum unfavorable deviation of the structure exerts the greatest influence on the weighted sound insulation, a method for controlling the maximum unfavorable deviation was proposed to improve its sound insulation. According to the corresponding frequency of the maximum unfavorable deviation of structural sound insulation, two ways of adding stiffeners and concave-convex surface treatment were adopted to optimize the structure, and to change the local stiffness of the key structure to improve its sound insulation efficiently. The results show that controlling the maximum unfavorable deviation of the structure can effectively improve its sound insulation. The lightweight effect is more pronounced when convex surface treatment is applied to the structure. By adding stiffeners to the upper plate along the x-axis while applying convex surface treatment to the lower plate along the y-axis, the maximum unfavorable deviation in sound insulation of the structure is significantly reduced, resulting in a 5.5 dB increase in the weighted sound insulation, achieving a great effect of lightweight acoustic optimization.更多还原