【摘要】 为了分析重载铁路钢轨打磨砂轮的切削能力，将钢轨廓形与打磨砂轮的位置进行参数化表示，提出了钢轨打磨砂轮切削能力定量化评价方法；对新旧打磨砂轮进行取样，基于电镜扫描技术分析了新旧钢轨打磨砂轮颗粒的细观分布特性；结合Johnson-Cook本构方程建立了钢轨打磨砂轮切削钢轨的数值仿真模型，分析了打磨砂轮使用状况、打磨转速以及打磨速度对钢轨打磨砂轮切削能力的影响。结果表明：钢轨打磨砂轮在使用过程中会导致磨粒数量减少以及面积和周长增大，新旧磨粒的短长轴比均集中于0.5～0.8，磨粒形态无较明显变化；砂轮的细观特性对其切削能力有显著的影响，打磨砂轮的使用、打磨转速的减少以及打磨速度的增大都会降低打磨砂轮对钢轨的切削能力，钢轨的表面粗糙度会也会进一步提高。在实际打磨环节中，建议将砂轮的切削能力作为阈值条件判断是否需要更换钢轨打磨砂轮。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to analyze the cutting capacity of heavy haul railway rail grinding wheels, the profile of the rail and the position of the grinding wheel were parameterized, and a quantitative evaluation method for the cutting capacity of rail grinding wheels was proposed. Samples were taken from new and old grinding wheels, and the mesoscopic distribution characteristics of particles in the grinding wheels for new and old steel rails were analyzed based on scanning electron microscope(SEM) technology. A numerical simulation model of rail grinding wheel cutting rail was established based on Johnson-Cook constitutive equation, and the effects of grinding wheel usage, grinding rotational speed, and grinding speed on the cutting capacity of rail grinding wheel were analyzed. The results show that the use of rail grinding wheels can lead to a decrease in the number of abrasive particles and an increase in the area and circumference. The short to long axis ratio of new and old abrasive particles is concentrated between 0.5 and 0.8, and there is no significant change in the shape of the abrasive particles. The mesoscopic characteristics of grinding wheels have a significant impact on their cutting capacity. The use of grinding wheels, a decrease in grinding rotational speed, and an increase in grinding speed can all reduce the cutting capacity of grinding wheels on steel rails and further improve the surface roughness of steel rails. In the actual grinding process, it is recommended to use the cutting capacity of the grinding wheel as a threshold condition to determine whether it is necessary to replace the rail grinding wheel.更多还原