【摘要】 铁路重载货车的发展趋势是降自重和增载重，因此车体轻量化设计是实现重载货车降自重的重要环节。文章介绍了新型30 t轴重重载敞车车体轻量化的关键技术，利用其对敞车车体结构进行了优化设计，并对新结构车体进行了有限元分析和疲劳寿命计算。结果表明：新型重载敞车车体轻量化关键技术可有效降低货车自重，增加载重；新型车体对基础设施的适应性更强；优化结构和采用高耐腐蚀钢材实现了车体全寿命周期免维护；自重系数约为0.22,与C₉₆型敞车车体相比，新车体自重降低了2 t,载重增加了2 t。依据标准TB/T 3550.2—2019对新型车体的静强度和刚度进行了校核，静强度计算结果表明：4个工况下的最大Von Mises应力均未超材料的许用应力，满足强度设计要求；新型车体下侧梁与中梁挠跨比分别为0.185/2 000和0.644/1 500,均满足刚度设计要求；按AAR M标准中有关载荷谱进行疲劳寿命评估，新型车体焊缝的疲劳寿命均满足25年使用寿命要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 The development trend of railway heavy haul freight cars is reducing the dead load and increasing the carrying capacity, therefore, the carbody light-weight design is an important link to achieve the reduction of dead load of heavy haul freight cars. The article introduces the key technology for light-weight carbody of the new 30 t heavy haul gondola car to optimize the design of the carbody structure of gondola car and describes the finite element analysis and the calculation of fatigue life of the carbody in the new structure. The results show that the key technology for light-weight carbody of the new heavy haul gondola car can effectively reduce the dead load of the car and increase its carrying capacity; that the new carbody is better adapted to the infrastructure; that the optimized structure and the highly corrosion resistant steel allows to realize the maintenance-free life cycle of the carbody; and that the dead load coefficient is about 0.22, and compared to the carbody of C₉₆ gondola car, the dead load of the new carbody is reduced by 2 t and its carrying capacity increased by 2 t. The static strength and the stiffness of the new carbody has been verified in accordance with the standard TB/T 3550.2—2019, and the result of static strength calculation indicates that the maximum Von Mises stress doesn’t exceed the permissible stress of the material under four working conditions and can meet the requirement of strength design; that the deflection span ratios of the lower beam and the middle beam of the new carbody are 0.185/2 000 and 0.644/1 500 respectively, both of which meet the stiffness design requirements; and that according to the load spectrum in the AAR M standard, the fatigue life of weld seams of the verified new carbody meets the requirement of a 25-year service life.更多还原