【摘要】 竞争性用水现象普遍存在于水科学研究与治水实践的各个层面，系统认识并合理解决竞争性用水问题，对新时期国家水安全保障具有重要意义。基于竞争性用水相关研究积累，首次定义了竞争性用水的概念，从时间、空间、系统3个维度解读其内涵并进行类型划分，构建了包含12种类型竞争性用水的三维层级结构。逐一解析不同竞争性用水问题的本质，归纳了解决问题应遵循的基本原理。在此基础上进一步研判不同竞争性用水问题潜在的解决途径及方法，系统提出了竞争性用水一般性计算方法，对黄河分水问题进行实例分析，得到了370亿m~3水量下的黄河综合分水方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 The phenomenon of competitive water use generally exists in various aspects of water science research and water management practice. Systematic understanding and reasonable resolution of competitive water use issues are significant for ensuring national water security in the new era. Based on the accumulated research on competitive water use, the concept of competitive water use is defined for the first time, its connotation is interpreted from the three dimensions of time, space and system, and its types are classified. Accordingly, a three-dimensional hierarchical structure of 12 types of competitive water use is constructed. Then, the essence of different competitive water use issues is analyzed, and the basic principles that should be followed to solve these issues are summarized. On this basis, the potential solutions and related methods for different competitive water use issues are further explored, and a general calculation method for competitive water use is proposed systematically. A case study of the Yellow River water allocation problem is carried out, and an integrated water allocation scheme with a total volume of 370 m~3 is obtained for the Yellow River.更多还原