【摘要】 在新高考的推进过程中，选科制度无疑是整个改革的核心环节，经历了从“3+3”到“3+1+2”的模式转变。新高考选科制度的演进轨迹揭示出该制度从“效率优先”到“多元平衡”的价值转向。新高考选科打破了文理分科的壁垒，在赋予学生选择权的同时，也出现了诸如等级赋分不等值、理工科生源质量波动等问题。需要通过强化高校招生自主性地位、逐步调适选科自由以及建立选科指导体系等措施，构建“国家需求—个体发展—高校特色”三维协同机制，实现教育公平和科学选材的协同发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the process of promoting the new college entrance examination, the subject selection system is undoubtedly the core element of the entire reform,having undergone a model shift from “3 + 3” to “3 + 1 + 2”.Tracing the evolutionary trajectory of this system reveals a value shift from “ efficiency first” to “ diversity and balance”. The new subject selection system has broken down the barriers between the arts and sciences. While it empowers students with choice, it has also given rise to issues such as inequitable grade assignment and fluctuations in the quality of students entering science and engineering disciplines. It is necessary to strengthen the autonomy of universities in admissions,gradually calibrate the freedom of subject selection,and establish a subject selection guidance system. These measures will help build a three-dimensional coordination mechanism of“national demand—individual development—university characteristics” to achieve the coordinated development of educational equity and scientific talent selection.更多还原