【摘要】 高等教育人才供需适配是建设教育强国必须妥善处理的关键议题。新中国成立以来，我国高等教育人才供需适配经历了从计划指令到动态调适的历史转型，为国家建设提供了坚实的人才支撑。然而，当前我国人才供需适配机制面临五角协同失衡、信息流通不畅、育人模式迟滞、评价机制模糊等系统性挑战。面向教育强国建设目标，亟须从双向互动、全过程覆盖、多元分类、前瞻调整等四个维度重构人才适配观，进而遵循以下四条机制构建路径：强化顶层设计，完善多元主体协同教育治理框架；夯实数字基座，建设互联的人才供需对接数据库；深化培养改革，构建需求导向下的柔性育人体系；革新评价体系，树立能力与贡献为本的价值导向。由此，推进教育、科技、人才“三位一体”协同融合发展，形成各类人才竞相涌现的教育生态。更多还原

【Abstract】 The adaptation between higher education talent supply and demand is a key issue that must be properly addressed in building a strong education nation. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the supply-demand matching of higher education talent in China has undergone a transformation process from planned directives to dynamic adaptation, with higher education providing solid talent support for national construction. However, at present, China’s talent supply-demand matching faces systemic challenges such as five-party collaborative imbalance, poor information flow, lagging education models, and ambiguous evaluation mechanisms. Under the background of building a powerful education nation, it is necessary to reconstruct the concept of talent matching from four dimensions: two-way interaction, whole-process coverage, multi-category classification, and forward-looking adjustment. This can be achieved through four pathways: strengthening top-level design to improve collaborative governance frameworks, building talent supply-demand matching databases, deepening educational reform to construct flexible talent cultivation systems, and innovating evaluation systems to establish value orientations based on capability and contribution. Therefore, advancing the tripartite synergistic integration of education, science and technology, and talent development will foster a dynamic educational ecosystem.更多还原