【摘要】 目的 探讨基于健康信念模式(HBM)的健康教育对单纯性肥胖儿童青少年肥胖相关知识认知、健康行为及BMI的影响，为该群体身心健康发展提供参考。方法 采用方便抽样法从上海市金山区2022年学生体检数据库中筛选240名单纯性肥胖儿童青少年，采用分层随机分为干预组和对照组。对照组采用常规健康教育，干预组在常规健康教育基础上实施HBM干预，为期1年。比较2组干预前后肥胖知识知晓率、BMI及健康行为变化，采用logistic回归分析行为因素对BMI的影响。结果 最终240人完成随访，其中干预组共90人，对照组共150人。干预1年后，干预组知识知晓率(62.22%)高于对照组(43.33%,χ~2=8.028,P<0.05);干预组学生身高、BMI指标较对照组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预组中，体力活动、睡眠时长、视屏时间、汽水饮料摄入、甜点摄入、油炸食品摄入、水果摄入、蔬菜摄入、西式快餐摄入及路边摊摄入等健康行为指标对BMI的影响差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。增加体力活动(OR=0.041,95%CI:0.005～0.346)、增加水果摄入(OR=0.158,95%CI:0.026～0.964)、增加蔬菜摄入(OR=0.052,95%CI:0.011～0.256)、减少西式快餐摄入(OR=0.175,95%CI:0.036～0.851)是BMI改善的独立保护因素。结论 基于HBM的健康教育可显著提高单纯性肥胖儿童青少年的健康认知，促进行为改变，助力科学减重及儿童青少年身心健康发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To explore the influence of health education based on the health belief model(HBM) on obesity-related knowledge cognition, health behavior, and physical fitness index in simple obese children and adolescents, so as to provide a reference for the physical and mental health development of this group. Methods Using the convenience sampling method, 240 children and adolescents with pure obesity were selected from the 2022 student health examination database in Shanghai’s Jinshan District. They were stratified and randomly assigned to an intervention group and a control group. The control group received standard health education, while the intervention group underwent HBM interventions supplemented with routine health education for one year. Both groups’ obesity knowledge awareness rates, BMI, and health behaviors were compared before and after the interventions. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine how behavioral factors influenced BMI changes. Results Ultimately, 240 people completed the follow-up, including 90 in the intervention group and 150 in the control group. After one year of intervention, the obesity-related knowledge awareness rate in the intervention group(62.22%) was significantly higher than that in the control group(43.33%, χ~2=8.028, P<0.05). The height and BMI indexes of the intervention group were significantly different from those of the control group(P<0.05). In the intervention group, the improvement of health behavior indicators such as physical activity, sleep duration, video time, soda intake, dessert intake, fried food intake, fruit intake, vegetable intake, western fast food intake, and roadside stall intake had statistically significant differences in the impact on BMI(P<0.05). The independent protective factors for BMI improvement were: increased physical activity(OR=0.041, 95% CI: 0.005-0.346), increased fruit intake(OR=0.158, 95% CI: 0.026-0.964), increased vegetable intake(OR=0.052, 95% CI: 0.011-0.256), and reduced consumption of Western fast food(OR=0.175, 95% CI: 0.036-0.851). Conclusion Health education based on HBM can significantly improve the health cognition of children and adolescents with simple obesity, promote behavioral change, and help with scientific weight loss and physical and mental health development.更多还原