【摘要】 目的 基于孟德尔随机化（MR）方法，系统梳理2型糖尿病（T2DM）的潜在因果影响因素，构建证据图谱以全面评估现有研究的特征与质量。方法 计算机检索建库至2024年4月，在中国知网（CNKI）、万方（Wanfang）、PubMed、Web of Science获取T2DM影响因素的MR相关的研究。使用Excel表对纳入的研究的数据进行提取和整理，并按照MR研究的三大假设对纳入的研究进行质量评价，综合应用发文量折线图、影响因素分类三线表及证据图谱，可视化呈现研究特征、暴露-结局关联及方法学应用。结果 筛选后共纳入152篇文献（含207项MR研究），总结了9类暴露与T2DM的因果关联。质量评价显示，32.37%(67/207)的研究基本满足了MR研究的三大假设，91.78%(190/207)的研究对象是欧洲人群，亚洲人群研究不足；方法学上，86.95%(180/207)的研究主要采用逆方差加权法（IVW）,75.36%(156/207)的研究应用3种以上MR分析方法；证据图谱提示，BMI、25-羟基维生素D、低出生体重、失眠以及久坐行为等与2型糖尿病的因果关联证据较强。结论 本研究系统总结了T2DM与影响因素之间的因果关系，截至2024年4月，T2DM的MR研究主要集中在血液指标、生活习惯、疾病等方面，建议加强对于其他方面的研究，尤其以亚洲人群、中国人群为研究对象的MR研究，并制定MR研究的统一质量评价标准，规范MR分析中的分析方法，为开展更高质量的研究提供标准，从而为T2DM的防治提供更准确的科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To systematically identify the potential causal factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)based on the Mendelian randomization(MR)approach,and to construct an evidence map to comprehensively evaluate the characteristics and quality of existing studies. Methods China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang,PubMed,and Web of Science were searched for studies on MR related to T2DM influencing factors from the database establishment to April 2024. Excel was used to extract and organize the data of the included studies,and the quality of the included studies was evaluated according to the three major hypotheses of MR research. The line chart of the number of publications,the three-line table of influencing factors,and the evidence map were comprehensively used to visualize the study characteristics,exposion-outcome association,and methodological application. Results A total of 152 articles(including 207 MR studies)were included after the screening,which summarized the causal association between 9 types of exposures and T2DM. The quality evaluation showed that 32. 37%(67/207)of the studies basically met the three major assumptions of MR research,91. 78%(190/207)of the research objects were European population,and there were not enough studies on the Asian population. In terms of methodology,86. 95%(180/207)of the studies mainly used inverse variance weighting(IVW),and 75. 36%(156/207)of the studies used more than 3 MR analysis methods. The evidence map suggested that body mass index,25-hydroxyvitamin D,low birth weight,insomnia,and sedentary behavior had strong evidence of causal association with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion This study systematically summarizes the causal relationship between T2DM and influencing factors. By April 2024,the MR studies of T2DM will mainly focus on blood indicators,living habits,diseases,and other aspects. It is recommended to strengthen research on other aspects,especially MR studies on the Asian population and Chinese population,and formulate unified quality evaluation criteria for MR studies. To standardize the analytical methods of MR analysis and provide a standard for higher quality research,so as to provide a more accurate scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of T2DM.更多还原