【摘要】 [目的]水稻（Oryza sativa L.）穗部性状是决定产量的关键农艺性状，解析其遗传机制对应对全球粮食安全挑战至关重要。本研究旨在挖掘调控粳稻穗部形态的关键遗传位点及功能基因，为高产育种提供理论支撑。[方法]利用来自中国东北地区的410份粳稻材料作为供试材料，系统测定穗长、一次/二次枝梗数等穗部形态和结构指标，通过全基因组关联分析（GWAS）定位显著关联位点，结合单倍型分析和PARMS标记基因分型验证候选基因功能。[结果]共鉴定到7个显著QTL位点（qPW2、qGNP3、qPW6/qTGW6、qPL8、qPBN8/qTGW8、qPL9和qTGW9），筛选到GW6a、DEP1等10个候选基因。单倍型分析表明，GW6a不同单倍型在穗重与千粒重表型上存在显著分化，DEP1单倍型间穗长差异达极显著水平。基于分子标记的基因分型验证GW6a和DEP1的优势等位基因型。[结论]发现GW6a和DEP1的等位变异分别与穗重及穗长存在显著遗传关联，基于PARMS标记构建的基因分型体系可高效筛选穗型优势等位基因。研究成果为东北粳稻穗型分子设计育种提供可验证的遗传靶点，通过多基因聚合策略可优化穗部结构，推动高产智能育种技术发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective]Rice(Oryza sativa L.) panicle traits are critical agronomic determinants of yield, and elucidating their genetic mechanisms is essential to address global food security challenges. This study aims to identify key genetic loci and functional genes regulating panicle morphology in japonica rice, providing theoretical support for high-yield breeding. [Methods]Using 410 japonica rice accessions from Northeast China, we systematically measured panicle morphological and structural traits, including panicle length,primary/secondary branch numbers, and conducted genome-wide association study(GWAS) to locate significant loci. Candidate gene functions were validated through haplotype analysis and PARMS marker-based genotyping. [Results]A total of 7 significant QTL(qPW2, qGNP3, qPW6/qTGW6, qPL8, qPBN8/qTGW8, qPL9 and qTGW9) sites were identified, and 10 candidate genes including GW6a and DEP1 were screened. Haplotype analysis revealed significant divergence in panicle weight and grain weight traits among GW6a haplotypes, while DEP1 haplotypes exhibited highly significant differences in panicle length. Molecular marker-based genotyping confirmed the superior allelic variants of GW6a and DEP1. [Conclusion]This study demonstrates significant genetic associations between GW6a/DEP1 allelic variations and panicle weight/length traits. The PARMS marker-based genotyping system enables efficient screening of favorable panicle-related alleles. These findings provide validated genetic targets for molecular design breeding of panicle architecture in Northeast japonica rice. Multi-gene polymerization strategies can optimize panicle structure and advance high-yield smart breeding technologies.更多还原