【摘要】 随着国内对油藏资源需求量的增加以及开发技术的提高，低渗透、高矿化度和高含蜡等油藏的生产开发越来越受到重视。一次采油和二次采油只能产出有限的原油，因此粒径小、界面张力低和增溶能力强等特点使得微乳液能在油藏开发中起到增产提效的作用。介绍了微乳液的基本组成、形成理论、制备方法以及国内外研究进展，分析了微乳液驱油机理，简述了微乳液在油藏资源的化学驱油开采中的现场应用情况，旨在为油藏的开采开辟新途径，进而形成配套体系以持续提高原油采收率。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the increasing domestic demand for reservoir resources and the advancement of development technologies, the production and development of low-permeability, high-salinity, and heavy oil reservoirs have gained increasing attention. Primary and secondary oil recovery methods can only produce a limited amount of crude oil. Therefore, the characteristics of small particle size, low interfacial tension, and strong solubilization capacity make microemulsions effective in enhancing oil production and efficiency in reservoirs. This paper introduces the basic composition, formation theory, preparation methods, and research progress of microemulsions both domestically and internationally. It analyzes the mechanisms of microemulsion flooding, in-situ microemulsion flooding, and microscopic mechanism of microemulsion flooding for enhanced oil recovery. The application of microemulsification chemical flooding technology in reservoir resources is introduced briefly. The aim is to pave new pathways for reservoir exploitation and ultimately form a supporting system to continuously improve crude oil recovery rates.更多还原