【摘要】 水声学在维护国家海洋安全、促进海洋资源勘探开发等领域具有重要作用。文章首先回顾了国内外水声学的发展历程，接着对水声学的若干方向进行了综述，主要包括水声装备、水下声传播、海洋环境噪声、水下目标探测、水下目标识别、水下目标方位估计、水下目标被动跟踪、基于物理场特征的水下目标被动定位、分布式融合水下目标定位以及主动定位技术。最后结合实际应用场景中面临的诸多挑战，探讨了水声装备及部分关键水声技术的发展趋势，以期为我国水声学基础理论与应用拓展研究提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Underwater acoustics plays a significant role in safeguarding national maritime security and promoting the exploration and development of marine resources. This paper begins by tracing the progression of underwater acoustics research both from domestic and global perspectives, followed by a comprehensive overview of several key areas within the field. These include underwater acoustic equipment, underwater sound propagation, ocean ambient noise,underwater target detection, identification and tracking techniques, target bearing estimation and localization methods including both physical-feature-based and multi-array-based passive/active methods. Considering the challenges encountered in practical applications, the paper discusses the development trends of underwater acoustic equipment and critical technologies. This aims to provide insights for advancing fundamental theories and applied research in underwater acoustics in China.更多还原