【摘要】 麝科是亚洲东部森林环境中的特有小型反刍动物,分布于我国及毗邻国家。我国动物地理区划华北区麝类物种的相关记录纷杂,物种认定亦缺乏系统研究。本研究整合分子生物学和动物地理学方法,研究动物地理区划华北区野生麝的物种认定及其地理分布。作者于2023年2–10月于山西省吕梁山、中条山、太岳山和陕西省的黄龙山4个山系采集210份样品(208份粪便+2份组织),使用线粒体16S r RNA和Cytb片段,成功测得272条序列,经过序列比对,华北区麝类样品均属于林麝(Moschus berezovskii),未发现原麝(M. moschiferus)。系统发育分析表明华北区林麝与其他区域的林麝遗传距离为0.18%(16S r RNA)和0.70%(Cytb),结合考虑华北区林麝的形态学特征和地理分布,推测华北区林麝可能为一个新的地理宗。地理分布分析表明,水热、植被和人为干扰是影响华北区林麝地理分布的重要因素。目前华北区林麝分布范围主要在动物地理的华北区黄土高原亚区的山地森林带,呈现出西南-东北走向的山地分布格局。综合分析分子证据和地理分布范围,本研究得出结论:华北地区的麝为林麝而非原麝,可归属为一个新的林麝亚种或地理宗,其地理分布受到山脉连通性和水热条件的显著影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aims: The family Moschidae includes small ruminants endemic to forest environments in East Asia, mainly distributed in China and neighboring countries. In the North China zoogeographical region, records of musk deer species are inconsistent, and systematic research on species identification is lacking. This study aimed to clarify the species identity of musk deer and analyze their geographical distribution in North China. Methods: From February to October 2023, a total of 210 samples(208 fecal samples and 2 tissue samples) were collected from four mountain ranges: Lüliang, Zhongtiao, and Taiyue in Shanxi Province, and Huanglong in Shaanxi Province. Mitochondrial 16S rRNA and Cytb gene fragments were used, resulting in 272 successfully sequenced fragments. Sequences were aligned and compared with known reference sequences. The geographical distribution, genetic distances, and phylogenetic relationships of musk deer in North China were analyzed. Results: Molecular analysis identified all sampled individuals as forest musk deer(Moschus berezovskii), with no Siberian musk deer(M. moschiferus) detected. Phylogenetic analysis showed genetic distances between the North China population and other population of M. berezovskii were 0.18%(16S rRNA) and 0.70%(Cytb). Combined with morphological traits and geographical distribution, this suggests the North China population may represent a new geographical sub-species. Geographical distribution analysis revealed that water availability, thermal conditions, vegetation, and human disturbance significantly influence the distribution of forest musk deer in North China. The current distribution is primarily concentrated in mountainous forest belts of the North China region and the Loess Plateau subregion, showing a southwest-northeast(SW-NE) mountain-oriented distribution pattern. Conclusions: The musk deer population in North China belongs to forest musk deer rather than Siberian musk deer. It may constitute a new subspecies or geographical variant of M. berezovskii whose distribution is significantly influenced by mountain connectivity and hydrothermal conditions.更多还原