【摘要】 国家公园内的植被生态系统具有典型性和国家代表性,是国家公园的重点保护对象。为实现国家公园生态系统和生物多样性的保护管理目标,有必要监测国家公园内植被的变化,根据监测结果评估保护成效,进而制定可持续管理战略。航空遥感是获取大面积植被信息的有效手段,使得在大尺度上高效地监测国家公园的植被动态变化成为可能。本研究以钱江源-百山祖国家公园候选区钱江源园区(简称钱江源园区)全域共21,820个100 m×100 m像元为研究对象,基于机载激光雷达和高光谱的多源遥感数据,结合2018年林业小班调查数据,探究利用遥感数据获取的冠层特征与植被三维冠层结构和光谱特征的关系,以分析利用航空遥感监测国家公园保护成效的潜在应用。结果表明:(1)钱江源园区冠层特征变化范围大,不同区域冠层特征差异较大。(2)不同人为干扰程度的冠层特征差异显著,结合冠层空间结构特征及光谱特征,能够反映保护成效:重度干扰的次生林或人工林冠层高度低、叶面积小,垂直复杂度低,低矮植被和稀疏植被占比大,对光资源的利用效率低,叶片衰老程度高;中度干扰的次生落叶阔叶林和轻微或无干扰的常绿阔叶林老龄林均表现出冠层高度大、叶面积大且垂直复杂度较高的特征,但老龄林所受压力小,对光资源的利用效率高,叶片衰老程度低。本研究结果可为国家公园中森林生态系统和生物多样性的保护和管理提供科学支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aim: National parks prioritize the conservation of their unique and representative vegetation ecosystems. Monitoring these ecosystems is crucial for evaluating conservation effectiveness and formulating sustainable management strategies. This study utilized remote sensing data to characterize canopy characteristics in Qianjiangyuan section of the Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National Park candidate area(Qianjiangyuan section). By establishing direct links between canopy features and disturbance regimes, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of forest biodiversity protection. Method: We analyzed airborne LiDAR(light detection and ranging) and hyperspectral data for 21,820 100 m × 100 m pixels and naturalness survey data for 6,977 subcompartments within Qianjiangyuan section. The three-dimensional canopy structural characteristics were derived from airborne LiDAR data, while vegetation indices were calculated from hyperspectral data. These canopy characteristics were then correlated with the naturalness of forest subcompartments to assessed differences across various naturalness levels. Results:(1) Canopy characteristics within Qianjiangyuan section exhibited a wide range of variability, with considerable differences across regions of the park.(2) Canopy structural and spectral characteristics varied significantly between areas with varying degrees of anthropogenic disturbance, reflecting the success of conservation efforts. Specifically, heavily disturbed secondary and plantation forests exhibited the lowest canopy height, leaf area index, vertical complexity, and light resource utilization efficiency, with a higher proportion of shorter and sparser vegetation, increased stress levels, and higher leaf senescence. In contrast, moderately disturbed secondary deciduous broad-leaved forests and lightly or undisturbed old-growth evergreen broad-leaved forests demonstrated elevated canopy heights, leaf area index, and vertical complexity. However, old-growth forests experienced lower stress levels, higher light use efficiency, and reduced leaf senescence compared to moderately disturbed forests. Conclusion: The canopy characteristics in Qianjiangyuan section vary widely depending on the level of anthropogenic disturbance, with such disturbances negatively impacting canopy attributes. Our findings indicate that airborne LiDAR and hyperspectral imaging are effective in quantifying the three-dimensional structure and spectral attributes of the canopy, offering valuable insights into conservation effectiveness. Our study serves as a scientific foundation for the protection and management of subtropical forests within Qianjiangyuan section. Furthermore, it highlights the potential of airborne remote sensing technologies in monitoring changes in canopy characteristics to evaluate conservation efficacy, thereby supporting the development of informed conservation strategies and sustainable management practices.更多还原