【摘要】 土壤风蚀是评估干旱半干旱区生态环境的关键。针对现有研究在干旱区大区域尺度上的不足，利用GIS技术和修正风蚀方程模型模拟了中国干旱半干旱区1990—2020年五个时期的土壤风蚀时空特征，利用最优参数地理探测器研究了其驱动因素，结果表明：（1）中国干旱半干旱区年均风蚀量达31.66亿t,土壤风蚀量平均值为0.566 kg m^-2 a^-1,风蚀高值区集中于华北平原、内蒙古高原、准噶尔盆地、柴达木盆地及青藏高原大部。风蚀强度以微度和轻度为主，剧烈侵蚀仅占0.37%。（2）土壤风蚀量总体呈现波动下降趋势，下降速率为0.027 kg m^-2 a^-1,且大部分区域风蚀减轻。（3）不同土地利用类型年均单位面积风蚀量排序：裸地>建设用地>农田>沙地>草地>灌丛>林地。（4）识别出风速、降水、大风日数、植被覆盖度和坡度为主导驱动因子，其中风速与大风日数的交互作用对风蚀解释力最强。研究为干旱半干旱区风蚀防治与生态修复提供科学依据，服务于区域可持续发展和环境治理政策。更多还原

【Abstract】 Soil wind erosion is a critical factor in assessing the ecological environment of arid and semi-arid regions. Addressing the gap in large-scale regional studies, this research employed GIS technology and the Revised Wind Erosion Equation（RWEQ） model to simulate the spatiotemporal dynamics of soil wind erosion across China′s arid and semi-arid regions during five periods from 1990 to 2020. The optimal parameters-based geographical detector（OPGD） method was used to investigate the driving factors. Key findings include:（1） The mean annual soil loss reached 3.166 billion tonnes, with an average erosion rate of 0.566 kg m^-2 a^-1. High erosion areas were concentrated in the North China Plain, Inner Mongolia Plateau, Junggar Basin, Qaidam Basin, and most of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Erosion intensity was predominantly slight to moderate, with severe erosion accounting for only 0.37% of the area.（2） Overall wind erosion exhibited a fluctuating downward trend at a rate of 0.027 kg m^-2 a^-1, with significant reductions observed across most of the region.（3） Annual erosion rates per unit area by land use type ranked as follows: bare land>construction land>cropland>sandy land>grassland>shrubland>forestland.（4） Dominant driving factors identified were wind speed, precipitation, gale days, vegetation coverage, and slope. The interaction between wind speed and gale days showed the strongest explanatory power for erosion variation. This study provides a scientific basis for wind erosion control and ecological restoration in arid and semi-arid regions, offering insights to inform regional sustainable development and environmental governance policies.更多还原