【摘要】 [目的]探究不同坡度和不同土地利用类型条件下，径流冲刷对坡面产流产沙和氮磷流失的影响，以期为皖西大别山的水土流失治理提供理论支撑。[方法]选取皖西大别山区的安徽省霍山县江子河小流域典型土地利用类型（裸地、草地、茶园、林地和竹林）的15°和20°坡面进行野外原位放水冲刷试验，基于该区域多暴雨的特点，设置冲刷流量为9 L/min，以探究坡面产流产沙和养分流失对土地利用类型和坡度的响应。[结果](1)在放水冲刷过程中，15°坡面产流稳定时，平均产流率表现为：裸地>茶园>草地>林地>竹林，20°坡面产沙率表现为：裸地>草地>茶园>林地>竹林；相较于15°，在20°坡面除裸地产流率有明显增加以外，其余土地利用类型坡面变化不明显；当坡面产沙稳定时，20°坡面产沙率略高于15°坡面，且均表现为：裸地>茶园>草地>竹林>林地；(2)20°坡面的TN,TP流失量相较于15°坡面流失量略有增加，在同一坡度条件下，TN,TP流失规律为：茶园>裸地>竹林>草地>林地。(3)整个冲刷过程中，径流对全氮贡献率较高，泥沙对全磷的贡献率相对较高。[结论]在皖西大别山区扩大竹林面积能有效提升水源涵养和水土保持功能，在面源污染防治中，应对茶园进行重点管理，以减少氮磷等养分的流失。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective] The effects of runoff scouring under different slope gradients and land use types on slope runoff, sediment yield, and nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) losses were analyzed, in order to provide theoretical support for soil and water conservation in Dabie Mountain region of western Anhui Province, China.[Methods] Field in situ scouring experiments were conducted on 15o and 20o slopes undergoing typical land-use types(bare land, grassland, tea garden, forest land and bamboo forest) in the Jiangzihe small watershed, Huoshan County, Anhui Province. Considering the frequent heavy rainfall in the region, a scouring flow rate of 9 L/min was applied to analyze the responses of runoff, sediment yield and nutrient losses to land-use types and slope gradients. [Results](1) During the scouring process, the stabilized average runoff rate on the 15o slopes was in the following order: bare land > tea garden > grassland > forest land > bamboo forest, whereas the sediment yield rate on the 20o slopes were ranked as follows: bare land > grassland > tea garden > forest land > bamboo forest. Compared to the 15o slopes, the runoff rate on the 20o slopes increased significantly only for bare land, with negligible changes in other land-use types. At a stabilized sediment yield, the sediment yield rate of the 20o slopes was slightly higher than that of the 15o slopes, with both exhibiting the following order: bare land > tea garden > grassland > bamboo forest > forest land.(2) Total N(TN) and total P(TP) losses on the 20o slopes were marginally higher than those on the 15o slopes. Under the same slope gradient, TN and TP losses showed the following pattern: tea garden > bare land > bamboo forest > grassland > forest land.(3) Throughout the scouring process, runoff predominantly contributed to TN loss, whereas sediment played a more significant role in TP loss. [Conclusion] Expanding area of bamboo forest cover in the Dabie Mountains of western Anhui Province can effectively enhance water conservation and soil retention. Additionally, tea gardens should be prioritized for non-point source pollution management to mitigate the losses of nutrients, such as N and P.更多还原