【摘要】 [目的]开展典型人工林植被恢复的过程中土壤真菌群落区系及其结构特征研究，对提高黄土高原退耕还林地植被恢复质量具有参考价值，为确定适合黄土高原的森林生态系统管理模式提供理论支持。[方法]以山西吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站不同恢复年限（15 a,25 a,35 a）的人工刺槐林为研究对象，农耕地为对照，在野外综合调查的基础上，采用高通量测序技术，分析其土壤真菌群落组成以及土壤因子对真菌群落的影响。[结果]（1）土壤样本测序得到331 008条有效序列，平均长度为401.41 bp，共得到23门、41纲、68类、89科、95属、130种和267 OTUs。（2）随着植被恢复年限的增加，土壤真菌群落丰富度和多样性均表现为35 a刺槐林>农耕地>25 a刺槐林>15 a刺槐林。（3）土壤真菌群落种类没有差异性，优势门类均为Ascomycota（子囊菌门）和Basidiomycota（担子菌门），且Ascomycota相对丰度逐渐减少，Basidiomycota相对丰度逐渐增加。优势纲类为Sordariomycetes（粪壳菌纲）、Agaricomycetes（伞菌纲）、Eurotiomycetes（散囊菌纲）和Dothideomycetes（座囊菌纲）。（4）土壤因子均影响土壤真菌群落结构，其中TOC和NH4+-N对真菌群落结构的影响最大。[结论]植被恢复有利于增加土壤真菌群落丰富度和多样性，在植被恢复过程中土壤真菌群落种类没有差异性，但优势真菌门类的相对丰度发生了改变，可以通过调控植被恢复措施来优化土壤真菌群落结构，以提高黄土高原土壤质量和生态功能。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective] This study aims to explore the soil fungal community flora and structural characteristics during vegetation restoration in typical artificial forests, provide references for improving vegetation restoration quality of farmland converted to forest on the Loess Plateau, and offer theoretical support for determining suitable forest ecosystem management models for the Loess Plateau. [Methods] The study took artificial Robinia pseudoacacia forests with different restoration ages(15, 25, and 35 years) at the Jixian National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station in Shanxi Province as the research objects, with farmland as control.Based on comprehensive field surveys, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze soil fungal community composition and the effects of soil factors on fungal communities. [Results](1) Sequencing of soil samples yielded 331 008 valid sequences, with an average length of 401.41 bp, totaling 23 phyla, 41 classes, 68orders, 89 families, 95 genera, 130 species, and 267 OTUs.(2) With the increase of vegetation restoration years, soil fungal community richness and diversity ranked as 35-year Robinia pseudoacacia forest(RH3)>farmland(FL)>25-year Robinia pseudoacacia forest(RH2)>15-year Robinia pseudoacacia forest(RH1).(3) No difference was found in soil fungal community types, with dominant phyla being Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.The relative abundance of Ascomycota gradually decreased, while that of Basidiomycota gradually increased.Dominant classes included Sordariomycetes, Agaricomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, and Dothideomycetes.(4) Soil factors all influenced soil fungal community structure, with TOC and NH4+-N having the greatest influence on fungal community structure. [Conclusion] Vegetation restoration enhances soil fungal community richness and diversity. No differences were observed in fungal community types during vegetation restoration, but the relative abundance of dominant fungal phyla changed. Regulating vegetation restoration measures can optimize soil fungal community structure, thereby improving soil quality and ecological functions on the Loess Plateau.更多还原