【摘要】 [目的]探究中国植被覆盖对极端气候的响应，分析极端气候对植被变化的时滞和累积效应，为制订可持续的植被恢复方案提供科学依据。[方法]基于高分辨率ERA5数据和GIMMS-3g NDVI数据，运用趋势分析、相关分析等方法探究了1982—2022年中国植被覆盖度（FVC）和极端气候指数（ECI）时空变化特征，探明了时滞和累积效应下的中国植被覆盖度变化对极端气候的响应。[结果]（1）中国FVC空间上呈东高西低、南高北低分布，以0.03/10 a的趋势显著增加，显著增加的面积占38.32%(p<0.05);(2) ECI的变化在不同气候区内具有差异，极端气温（TNn,TXx）在中温带半干旱地区（MT区）、暖温带半湿润地区（WT区）随时间变化呈极显著增长趋势（p<0.01），极端降水指数（CDD,CWD,Rx1day,Rx5day,R90P）在边缘热带湿润地区（ET区）、北亚热带湿润地区（NT区）随时间变化呈显著减少趋势（p<0.05），高原温带半干旱地区（PT区）呈显著增加趋势（p<0.05）;(3)极端气候对FVC的累积效应要强于时滞效应，主要为滞后0～1个月和累积1个月。[结论]植被对极端气候的响应以累积效应为主，具有短期滞后性，且呈现显著的区域差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective] The aims of this study are to explore the response of vegetation cover to extreme climate in China, analyze the time-lag and cumulative effects of extreme climate on vegetation changes, and provide a scientific basis for formulating sustainable vegetation restoration strategies. [Methods] Based on high-resolution ERA5 data and GIMMS-3g NDVI data, this study used trend analysis, correlation analysis, and other methods to investigate the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of fractional vegetation cover(FVC) and extreme climate indices(ECI) in China from 1982 to 2022. The response of FVC changes to extreme climate in China under time-lag and cumulative effects was identified. [Results](1) The spatial distribution of FVC in China was higher in the east and lower in the west, and high in the south and low in the north, with a significant increase at the rate of 0.03/10 a, and the area with significant increase accounted for 38.32%(p<0.05).(2) The change of ECI varied in different climate zones. Extreme temperatures(TNn, TXx) in the Mid-latitude Temperate Semiarid Region(MT) and the Warm Temperate Semi-humid Region(WT) showed a highly significant increasing trend over time(p<0.01). The Extreme Precipitation Indices(CDD, CWD, Rx1day, Rx5day, R90P) in the Edge Tropical Humid Region(ET) and the North Subtropical Humid Region(NT) showed a significant decreasing trend over time(p<0.05), while in the Plateau Temperate Semi-arid Region(PT), a significant increasing trend was observed(p<0.05).(3) The cumulative effect of extreme climate on FVC was stronger than the time-lag effect, primarily with a lag of 0～1 month and an accumulation of 1 month. [Conclusion] The response of vegetation to extreme climate is mainly characterized by cumulative effect, with short-term time-lag effect and significant regional differences.更多还原