【摘要】 [目的]明晰生态系统服务的权衡/协同关系，保证生态系统服务长期有效供应，实现流域生态保护与高质量发展。[方法]以典型退耕区陕北黄土高原为例，利用1990—2020年土地利用变化数据，基于InVEST模型量化4种关键生态系统服务即碳储量、产水量、土壤保持量和生境质量的时空分布特征，通过相关性分析探讨了各类生态系统服务间的权衡/协同关系和呈现的尺度特征。[结果](1) 1990—2020年碳储量和生境质量处于不断增加的趋势，产水量和土壤保持量呈现先降低后增加总体增加的趋势，空间上呈东南略低西北略高的分布。(2)陕北黄土高原生态系统服务以协同作用为主，且在1990—2020年协同效应不断增强，权衡作用主要发生在产水量与其他生态系统服务之间，权衡作用的区域主要分布在研究区西部和东北部地区。(3)生态系统服务间的权衡/协同作用存在着空间尺度效应，随着空间尺度的增加，相关性逐渐增强而显著性有所下降，且作用关系的方向性会发生改变。[结论]陕北黄土高原生态系统服务以协同为主，生态系统服务间的权衡/协同作用存在着空间尺度效应。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective] The aims of this study are to clearly understand the trade-offs and synergies within ecosystem services, to ensure the sustained effective supply of ecosystem services, and to achieve the dual objectives of watershed ecological conservation and high-quality development. [Methods] The typical returned farmland area of the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi Province was taken as an example. Based on the land-use change data from 1990 to 2020. the InVEST model was utilized to quantify the spatiotemporal characteristics of four key ecosystem services: carbon storage, water yield, soil conservation, and habitat quality. Through correlation analysis, the trade-offs, synergies, and scale characteristics among various ecosystem services were thoroughly investigated. [Results](1) From 1990 to 2020, carbon storage and habitat quality were improved continuously, while water yield and soil conservation showed an overall increasing trend after an initial decrease, with a spatial pattern of lower level in the southeast and higher levle in the northwest.(2) The ecosystem services of the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi Province were predominantly synergistic. The synergistic effects had continuously strengthened from 1990 to 2020. Trade-off effects mainly occur between water yield and other ecosystem services, with trade-off regions primarily distributed in the western and northeastern parts of the study area.(3) A spatial scale effect was evident in the trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem services. With increasing spatial scale, the correlation gradually strengthened while the significance decreased, and the directionality of the relationship was changed. [Conclusion] The ecosystem services within the northern Shaanxi Loess Plateau predominantly exhibit synergistic interactions, and these interactions are influenced by spatial scale effects in the trade-offs and synergies among different ecosystem services.更多还原