【摘要】 为了推动低碳烯烃异构化技术的发展，提高C₄和C₅烯烃资源的利用效率并优化我国化工产品结构，采用文献调研与案例分析相结合的研究方法，系统总结了低碳烯烃异构化的反应机理、催化剂特性及工艺进展。研究结果表明：（1）低碳烯烃异构化遵循单分子、双分子及伪单分子3类反应机理，其中单分子机理通过甲基环丙烷中间体路径占主导，活化能较烷基转移路径低56.6 kJ/mol；（2）分子筛催化剂的酸性质和孔道结构显著影响反应性能，一维十元环孔道分子筛在C₄/C₅烯烃异构化中表现优异，异丁烯收率可达65%～72%，优化酸性质可提升异构烯烃选择性；（3）金属物种改性可通过调节Lewis/Bronsted酸比例增强催化性能，Mg-FER催化剂使异丁烯收率提高20%以上，并抑制积碳生成；（4）中国丁烯异构化技术近年来取得系列进展，但该工艺仍面临异构戊烯收率低和催化剂稳定性较差的问题。结论认为，未来需聚焦新型催化剂开发、反应机理深度解析及低温工艺创新，以突破热力学限制，推动低碳烯烃异构化技术的规模化工业应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 To promote the development of low-carbon olefin isomerization technology, improve the utilization efficiency of C₄ and C₅ olefin resources, and optimize the chemical product structure in China, a combined research method of literature review and case analysis was adopted to systematically summarize the reaction mechanisms, catalyst characteristics, and process advances of lowcarbon olefin isomerization. The results indicate that:（1） Low-carbon olefin isomerization follows three types of reaction mechanisms: unimolecular, bimolecular, and pseudo-unimolecular, with the unimolecular mechanism via dimethylcyclopropane intermediate pathway being dominant, exhibiting an activation energy 56.6 kJ/mol lower than that of the alkyl transfer pathway;（2） The acid properties and pore structure of zeolite catalysts significantly affect reaction performance, with one-dimensional tenmembered ring pore zeolites demonstrating excellent performance in C₄/C₅ olefin isomerization, achieving isobutene yields of 65%-72%, and optimization of acid properties enhancing iso-olefin selectivity;（3） Metal species modification enhances catalytic performance by adjusting Lewis/Bronsted acid ratios, with Mg-FER catalysts increasing isobutene yield by over 20% and inhibiting coke formation;（4） Domestic butene isomerization technology has achieved a series of progress in recent years, but this process still faces the problems of low isopentene yield and poor catalyst stability. It is concluded that future efforts should focus on the development of novel catalysts, in-depth exploration of reaction mechanisms, and innovation in low-temperature processes to overcome thermodynamic limitations and promote the large-scale industrial application of low-carbon olefin isomerization technology.更多还原