【摘要】 研究森林公园空气负离子和空气颗粒物变化特征，利用森林生态功能发展康养事业，为地方经济发展提供科学支持。选择北极村国家森林公园兴安落叶松林、白桦林、山杨林和樟子松林为研究对象，并以北极村生活区为对照，使用便携式空气负离子监测仪，在2021年5—10月选择晴天和雨天进行空气负离子、PM₁₀与PM_2.5及其影响因子的观测。研究表明，1)晴天，4种林型空气负离子浓度日动态由大到小表现为展叶盛期（Leaf spreading period,LSP）、展叶初期（Leaf opening period,LOP）、落叶期（Leaf falling period,LFP），均呈单峰曲线变化趋势，峰值出现在12:00—14:00，最高可达到4 207个/cm³，此时期的4种林型空气负离子由大到小表现为兴安落叶松林、白桦林、山杨林、樟子松林；雨天，4种林型的空气负离子浓度呈波动式变化，最高可达6 000个/cm³，显著高于生活区（P<0.05）。晴天，4种林型PM₁₀与PM_2.5质量浓度的日动态变化趋势是双峰曲线，在早晚出现峰值，中午达到谷值，但雨天的波动较小，远远低于晴天的PM₁₀与PM_2.5质量浓度（P<0.05）;2)5—10月4种林型（晴天）空气负离子浓度月变化表现为单峰曲线的趋势，峰值出现在7月，最高可达4 500个/cm³，显著高于生活区（P<0.05），空气颗粒物质量浓度均呈先降低再升高的趋势；3)4种林型空气负离子、PM₁₀和PM_2.5质量浓度与气温、空气湿度、平均风速有显著的相关关系。寒温带森林公园森林生态系统空气负离子质量浓度在2 000～6 000个/cm³，空气颗粒物在40μg/m³以下，空气质量优良，利于人们休养身心。更多还原

【Abstract】 The research aims to investigate the variations in negative air ions and air particulate matter in forest park, utilize the ecological functions of forests for the development of healthcare and wellness industries, and provide scientific perspectives for local economic development. This study selected Larix gmelinii forest, Betula platyphylla forest, Populus davidiana forest and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest in Arctic Village National Forest Park as the research objects, and compared with the living area of Arctic Village. From May to October 2021, negative air ions, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 and their influencing factors were observed on sunny and rainy days by using a portable air anion monitor. The results were as follows: 1) On sunny days, the daily dynamics of negative air ion concentrations in four forest types from large to small are manifested as leaf spreading period（LSP）, leaf opening period（LOP）, leaf falling period（LFP）. showing a unimodal curve trend, and the peak value appeared between 12:00 and 14:00, and the maximum can reach 4 207 ions/cm³. From large to small, they were Larix gmelinii forest, Betula platyphylla forest, Populus davidiana forest, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest. In rainy days, the negative air ions concentration of the four forest types fluctuated, up to 6 000 ions/cm³, which was significantly higher than that of the living area（P<0. 05）. On sunny days, the daily dynamic variation trend of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentration of the four forest types was a bimodal curve, peaking in the morning and evening and reaching a trough at noon, but the fluctuation of the concentration on rainy days was small, which was far lower than that on sunny days（P<0. 05）. 2) The monthly variation of the negative air ions concentration of the four forest types in May to October（sunny days） showed a unimodal curve trend, and the peak appeared in July, the maximum can reach 4 500 ions/cm³, which was significantly higher than that of the living areas（P<0. 05）. The air particulate matter concentration showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. 3) Negative air ions, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations of the four forest types were significantly correlated with air temperature, air humidity and average wind speed. The negative air ion concentration in the forest ecosystem of the cold temperate forest park is between 2 000 and 6 000 ions/cm³, and the air particles are below 40 μg/m³, which is good air quality and conducive to people’s physical and mental cultivation.更多还原