【摘要】 在贸易全球化与运输网络不断扩展的背景下，外来物种入侵问题日益加剧，威胁水生生态健康并造成巨大经济损失。相较于陆生生物入侵，水生生物入侵的研究起步较晚，且相关入侵机制及其影响因素的系统梳理尚显薄弱。本研究基于近十年水生生物入侵机制及影响因素的研究成果，从竞争优势、生态位占据、种间互作、化学入侵和天敌释放5方面，系统归纳了当前水生生物入侵的主要机制。从环境变化（包括气候变化、水文条件和环境污染）及其他干扰两方面总结了关键影响因素，揭示机制之间的交互关系与影响因素的多样性。并展望了未来水生生物入侵领域在机制识别、预测模型构建以及多元治理策略规划方面的发展方向，旨在为深入理解水生生物入侵的成因与演化路径，提升水生生态系统入侵管理的科学性提供参考依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The rapid expansion of global trade and transportation networks has escalated biological invasions, posing critical threats to aquatic ecosystem integrity and incurring substantial economic costs. Compared to terrestrial invasions, research on aquatic invasions emerged more recently, with limited systematic analysis of their mechanisms and drivers. This review synthesizes advances from the past decade to outline key mechanisms-including competitive advantage, niche occupation, interspecific interactions, chemical invasion, and enemy release-underlying aquatic invasions. Critical drivers are examined, encompassing environmental shifts(e. g., climate change, hydrological alterations, pollution) and anthropogenic disturbances. Future priorities emphasize mechanistic validation, predictive modeling frameworks, and integrated management strategies. This review enhances understanding of aquatic invasion dynamics and provides actionable insights for ecosystem resilience and evidence-based governance.更多还原