【摘要】 软枣猕猴桃(Actinidia arguta)是一种果皮光滑无毛、可带皮食用的新兴浆果类果树，但目前其杂交育种进程较为缓慢，在一定程度上阻碍了产业的发展。为了探究种内杂交授粉和近缘物种间杂交授粉对软枣猕猴桃果实品质和种子性状的影响，以软枣猕猴桃(四倍体)为母本，分别以软枣猕猴桃(四倍体)、葛枣猕猴桃(A.polygama)(二倍体)、对萼猕猴桃(A.valvata)(四倍体)和大籽猕猴桃(A.macrosperma)(四倍体)为父本进行人工种内和近缘物种间杂交授粉，待杂交果实成熟后，对其果实内外品质及其种子数量和重量进行测定。结果表明：在果实外观品质方面，软枣猕猴桃种内杂交的单果质量、纵径、横径、侧径和横径/侧径比显著高于其种间杂交的单果质量、纵径、横径、侧径和横径/侧径比，而在种间杂交中，软枣猕猴桃♀×葛枣猕猴桃♂的单果质量、纵径、横径和侧径最小，软枣猕猴桃♀×对萼猕猴桃♂的果实纵径/横径比最高；在果实内在品质方面，软枣猕猴桃种内杂交果实的总糖、可溶性固形物和干物质含量显著高于其种间杂交果实的总糖、可溶性固形物和干物质含量，而在种间杂交中，软枣猕猴桃♀×大籽猕猴桃♂果实的总糖含量最低，软枣猕猴桃♀×葛枣猕猴桃♂果实的总酸含量最高、糖酸比最低，软枣猕猴桃♀×对萼猕猴桃♂果实的可溶性固形物和干物质含量均最高；在种子品质方面，软枣猕猴桃♀×软枣猕猴桃♂和软枣猕猴桃♀×对萼猕猴桃♂单果的种子数最多，而软枣猕猴桃♀×软枣猕猴桃♂果实的种子千粒重最高。研究结果可为软枣猕猴桃的杂交育种提供一定的参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Actinidia arguta is an emerging berry fruit tree with smooth and hairless skin that can be eaten with the skin. At present, the process of hybrid breeding of A. arguta is relatively slow, which to some extent hinders the development of its industry. In order to investigate the effects of of intraspecific pollination of A. arguta and interspecific hybridization pollination between A. arguta and closely related species on fruit quality and seed traits, A. arguta(tetraploid) was used as the female parent, A. arguta(tetraploid), A. polyglama(diploid), A. valvata(tetraploid), and A. macrosperm(tetraploid) was used as the male parent, artificial intraspecific and interspecific hybridization pollination of A. arguta were carried out. After the intraspecific and interspecific hybridization fruits matured, the fruit internal and external qualities, as well as the seed number and weight, were measured. The results showed that in terms of fruit appearance quality, the mass, longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, lateral diameter, and transverse diameter/lateral diameter ratio of intraspecific hybrid single fruit of A. arguta were significantly higher than those of its interspecific hybrid single fruit. In interspecific hybridization, the mass, longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, and lateral diameter of A. arguta ♀ × A. polygama ♂ single fruit were the smallest, while the longitudinal diameter/transverse diameter ratio of A. arguta ♀ × A. valvata ♂ fruit was the highest; In terms of intrinsic quality of the fruit, the total sugar, soluble solid, and dry matter content in the intraspecific hybrid fruits of A. arguta were significantly higher than those in its interspecific hybrid fruits. In interspecific hybridization, the total sugar content in the fruits of A. arguta ♀ × A. macrosperma ♂ was the lowest, the total acid content and sugar acid ratio in the fruits of A. arguta ♀ × A. polygama ♂ were the highest and the lowest respectively, the soluble solid and dry matter content in the fruits of A. arguta ♀ × A. valvata ♂ were both the highest; In terms of seed quality, the number of seeds in the single fruit of A. arguta ♀ × A. arguta ♂ and A. arguta ♀ × A. valvata ♂ were the highest, while the thousand seed weight in the fruits of A. arguta ♀ × A. arguta ♂ was the highest. The research results could provide some reference for the hybrid breeding of A. arguta.更多还原