【摘要】 乡村景观是“乡土中国”的根脉,同时也是一种独具地方特色的旅游资源。利用景观指数、空间统计分析和地理探测器等方法对江西省婺源县的乡村旅游景观时空演变特征及其影响因素进行探究,得出以下4个结论。第一,婺源乡村旅游景观类型中,油菜花田园景观变化显著,面积占比由2%上升到26.6%,主要聚集在河道和道路两侧区域以及山坡耕地;徽派民居景观面积变化缓慢,不同乡村聚落中的民居边界扩张和增长方式不同,沿河流方向延伸成条带型景观的居多,景观多样性呈上升趋势。第二,婺源乡村旅游景观格局具有明显的空间集聚特征和空间分异性,高值热点区景观集聚分布在东线、北线和西线三轴线局部区域,低值冷点区景观集聚分布在三轴线之外的边缘区域,其时空演变呈现出点—轴—面递进模式。第三,各乡镇的景观密度指数、形状指数、边缘指数和综合景观指数差异较大,其中江湾镇、许村镇和思口镇的综合景观指数最高。第四,乡村旅游景观格局的时空演变是多种因素共同作用的结果,但各因素的解释力差异显著,徽派民居乡村聚落、旅游经济、旅游用地和人口是乡村旅游景观格局演变的主导驱动因素,河流和地形等自然地理环境对乡村旅游景观空间的早期分布起基础作用,公路交通的驱动力较小,但对古村落景观起着保护作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The rural landscape is the soul of "rural China", but also a tourism resource with unique "local" characteristics. Based on the spatiotemporal distribution information data of land use and rural tourism landscape in Wuyuan County in 2009, 2014 and 2019 and the relevant socio-economic indicators from 2009 to 2021, the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and driving mechanism of rural tourism landscape in Wuyuan County are discussed by using landscape index, spatial statistical analysis and geographic detector, with a view to providing reference for rural tourism landscape planning and management. The study found that:(1) Among the landscape types, the landscape of rape flower garden has obvious changes, mainly concentrated in the areas along the river, on both sides of the road and on the hillside farmland. The shape of the landscape area of Huizhou folk houses has changed slowly. The expansion and growth of the boundaries of different rural settlements are different, and most of them extend along the direction of the river into strip landscape, and the landscape diversity shows an upward trend.(2) The rural tourism landscape pattern in Wuyuan has obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics and spatial differentiation. High-value hot spots are concentrated in the eastern, northern and western parts of the three axes. Low-value cold spots are concentrated in the marginal areas outside the east-west-northern axes. In general, the rural tourism landscape spatial-temporal pattern evolved from points—inverted T-axis—surface source global diffusion extension development model.(3) The landscape density index, shape index, edge index and comprehensive landscape index of each township have great differences, among which the comprehensive landscape index of Jiangwan Town, Xucun Town and Sikou Town ranks the top three.(4) The spatial and temporal evolution of rural tourism landscape pattern is the result of the joint action of many factors, but the explanatory power of each factor is significantly different. The natural geographical environment such as rivers and terrain plays an early basic role in the spatial distribution of rural tourism landscape, and the rural settlements, tourism economy, tourism land, and population are the leading driving factors of the evolution of rural tourism landscape pattern, The driving force of highway traffic is small, but it plays a protective role on the landscape. In the future, Wuyuan County should combine the characteristics of ancient villages and natural environment, adopt the differentiated model of "one village, one policy" to solve the problems of "homogenization" of rural tourism landscape and the convergence of rural culture, and optimize the spatial structure of rural tourism landscape to create landscape features with local characteristics and cultural genes. The results have important theoretical significance and practical value for promoting the sustainable development of rural tourism landscape.更多还原