【摘要】 为探究甘肃省不同产地羊肚菌的营养品质和风味特征差异，本实验采用紫外-可见分光光度计、高效液相色谱（high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC）仪和电感耦合等离子体质谱仪分别对多糖、多酚、维生素和矿物质等营养品质进行定量检测，利用氨基酸分析仪和HPLC仪测定游离氨基酸、可溶性糖、5’-核苷酸、有机酸等非挥发性呈味物质；运用气相色谱-离子迁移谱技术对挥发性香气成分（包括醇类、醛类、酮类等47种物质）进行定性和定量分析，并结合主成分分析和聚类分析进行区分和聚类。结果显示，甘肃不同产地羊肚菌的营养品质和风味特征存在显著差异。七里河区魏岭乡所产羊肚菌的粗多糖相对含量（20.48%）和总酚含量（20.25 mg/g）高于其他地区；西和县所产羊肚菌的可溶性糖（74.48μg/g）和有机酸（58 770.72μg/g）含量高于其他地区；成县所产羊肚菌的维生素（21 044.01μg/g）、矿物质元素（40 392.52 mg/kg）、氨基酸（30 318.78 mg/kg）和核苷酸（13 561.98μg/g）含量均显著高于其他地区。醛类、酮类和醇类是羊肚菌的主要香气化合物，其中1-辛烯-3-酮、2-甲基丁醛、2-甲基戊酸乙酯为羊肚菌中的关键赋香物质。通过主成分分析和聚类分析将4个产地划分为3类：七里河区魏岭乡与皋兰县因气候相似聚为一类，西和县与成县基于相似生态环境聚为一类，皋兰县与陇南产区因土壤特征形成一类。本研究结果有效揭示了甘肃不同产地羊肚菌的风味品质和营养成分差异，可为扩大羊肚菌的种植面积提供理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 To investigate the differences in nutritional quality and flavor characteristics among Morchella esculenta from four different regions(Qilihe and Gaolan, Lanzhou; Xihe and Chengxian, Longnan) in Gansu province, this study used ultraviolet(UV)-visible spectrophotometry, high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) to quantify polysaccharides, polyphenols, vitamins and minerals. Free amino acids were determined using an amino acid analyzer and other non-volatile flavor substances such as soluble sugars, 5’-nucleotides and organic acids using HPLC. In total, 47 volatile aroma components(including alcohols, aldehydes and ketones) were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry(GC-IMS), and principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used for differentiation and clustering of M. esculenta. The results showed that there were significant differences in the nutritional quality and flavor characteristics of M. esculenta from different regions of Gansu. The crude polysaccharide(20.48%) and total phenol(20.25 mg/g) contents of M. esculenta from Qilihe were significantly higher than those from the other regions. The soluble sugar(74.48 μg/g) and organic acid(58 770.72 μg/g) contents of M. esculenta from Xihe were higher than those from the other regions, while the contents of vitamins(21 044.01 μg/g), mineral elements(40 392.52 mg/kg), amino acids(30 318.78 mg/kg) and nucleotides(13 561.98 μg/g) in M. esculenta from Chengxian were significantly higher than those of the other regions. Aldehydes, ketones and alcohols were the major aroma compounds of M. esculenta, 1-octen-3-one, 2-methylbutyraldehyde and ethyl 2-methylpentanoate being identified as the key aroma substances. The four production regions were clustered into three classes by principal component analysis(PCA) and cluster analysis: class Ⅰ, Qilihe and Gaolan, which have similar climates; class II, Xihe and Chengxian, which share similar ecological environment; class Ⅲ, Gaolan, Xihe and Chengxian, which share similar soil characteristics. These results of this study provide a theoretical basis for expanding the planting area of M. esculenta.更多还原