【摘要】 目的 了解陕西省小麦和小麦粉中镰刀菌毒素和交链孢毒素污染情况。方法 2022—2024年在陕西省9个地市随机采集小麦和小麦粉共140份,采用高效液相色谱-质谱法检测样品中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol, DON)、3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 3-AcDON)、15-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯(15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-AcDON)、雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(nivalenol, NIV)、玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone, ZEN)、细交链孢菌酮酸(tenuazonicacid,TeA)、交链孢酚(alternariol,AOH)、交链孢酚单甲醚(alternariol monomethyl ether, AME)、腾毒素(tentoxin, TEN)的含量。结果 陕西省小麦和小麦粉中镰刀菌毒素和交链孢毒素均检出。小麦中DON、3-AcDON、15-Ac DON、NIV、ZEN、Te A、TEN和AME的检出率分别为83.3%(50/60)、5.00%(3/60)、10.0%(6/60)、11.6%(7/60)、8.33%(5/60)、100%(60/60)、100%(60/60)和98.3%(59/60)。小麦粉中DON、Te A、TEN和AME的检出率分别为87.5%(70/80)、96.2%(77/80)、88.7%(71/80)和63.7%(51/80)。阳性样品中DON与15-Ac DON、Te A与TEN含量之间表现出很强的正相关性。小麦粉DON的膳食暴露量为959.8 ng/(kg·bw·d),小于每日摄入耐容量值, TeA、TEN、AME的膳食暴露量分别为159.2、18.1和2.30ng/(kg·bw·d),小于毒理学关注阈值。结论 2022—2024年陕西省小麦和小麦粉普遍受到镰刀菌毒素和交链孢毒素污染,TeA和TEN检出率最高, DON次之。小麦粉镰刀菌毒素和交链孢毒素的暴露风险处于可接受范围内。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the contamination of fusarium and alternaria toxins in wheat and wheat flour in Shaanxi Province. Methods A total of 140 samples of wheat and wheat flour were randomly collected in circulation of 9 cities from 2022 to 2024. Deoxynivalenol(DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol(3-AcDON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol(15-AcDON), nivalenol(NIV), zearalenone(ZEN), tenuazonic acid(TeA), alternariol(AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether(AME) and tentoxin(TEN) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results The fusarium and alternaria toxins were detected in wheat and wheat flour. The detection rates of DON, 3-AcDON, 15-AcDON, NIV, ZEN, TeA, TEN, AME in wheat were 83.3%(50/60), 5.00%(3/60), 10.0%(6/60), 11.6%(7/60), 8.33%(5/60), 100%(60/60), 100%(60/60) and 98.3%(59/60),respectively. The detection rates of DON, TeA, TEN, AME in wheat flour were 87.5%(70/80), 96.2%(77/80),88.7%(71/80) and 63.7%(51/80), respectively. A strong positive correlation between DON and 15-AcDON content was demonstrated in the positive samples, so was between TeA and TEN content. The DON dietary exposure was 959.8 ng/(kg·bw·d), which was less than the corresponding tolerable daily intake value. The TeA, TEN, AME dietary exposures were 159.2, 18.1 and 2.30 ng/(kg·bw·d), which were below the corresponding threshold of toxicological concern values in wheat flour. Conclusion Wheat and wheat flour in Shaanxi Province are generally contaminated with fusarium and alternaria toxins from 2022 to 2024, with the highest detection rates of TeA and TEN, following by DON. The fusarium and alternaria toxins exposure risk of wheat flour are within an acceptable risk range.更多还原