【摘要】 为探究新疆棉田覆盖高强度地膜对土壤水热条件及棉花生长的影响，于2023年在新疆维吾尔自治区莎车县、麦盖提县、英吉沙县、伽师县建立4个试验点，统一设置高强度地膜覆盖(GQ)、传统聚乙烯地膜覆盖(CT)以及无地膜覆盖(CK)3个处理，测试了不同地膜覆盖措施下膜下10 cm土壤温度、0～20 cm土壤质量含水率、棉花农艺性状及籽棉产量。结果表明，GQ处理的土壤温度较CT处理偏高，GQ处理的日均温度要比CT高0.63℃。分时段来看，在棉花生育期的前期，GQ处理的土壤温度较CT处理普遍更高，后期GQ处理明显较CT处理偏低。高强度地膜覆盖的昼夜温差要小于覆盖传统聚乙烯地膜，特别是在棉花生育进程的中后期。相比于CK,GQ和CT处理下土壤质量含水率分别提高了43.31%和38.43%。高强度地膜覆盖对0～20 cm土壤的水分状况改善可能更有效。在农艺性状方面，处理GQ与CT均显著增加了棉花株高、单株果枝数以及单株铃数，并且高强度地膜具有比传统聚乙烯地膜更高的产量效应(P<0.05),能够进一步促进棉花释放生产潜力，相较于CK,GQ和CT处理下籽棉产量分别提高了22.71%和15.33%。总的来看，高强度地膜能够改善土壤的水热状况，促进棉花的生长发育，实现棉花的丰产增收，整体的生产表现要优于传统聚乙烯地膜。更多还原

【Abstract】 To investigate the effects of a high-intensity plastic film mulching treatment on soil moisture, soil temperature, and cotton growth in Xinjiang cotton fields, four experimental sites were established in 2023 in Shache County, Maigaiti County, Yingjisha County, and Jiashi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Three treatments were set at each site: a high-intensity plastic film mulching treatment(GQ), traditional polyethylene film mulching(CT), and no film mulching(CK). Measurements were taken of soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm, soil gravimetric moisture content in the 0～20 cm layer, agronomic traits of cotton, and seed cotton yield under each treatment. The results showed that soil temperatures in the GQ treatment were higher than in the CT treatment, with an average daily temperature 0.63 °C above that of CT. In terms of temporal variation, soil temperatures in the GQ treatment were generally higher than those of the CT treatment during the early stages of cotton growth, while in the later stages, GQ temperatures were noticeably lower than those of CT. The diurnal temperature range under high-intensity plastic film mulching was smaller than that under traditional polyethylene film, especially during the middle and later stages of cotton growth. Compared to CK, soil gravimetric moisture content under GQ and CT increased by 43.31% and 38.43%, respectively, suggesting that high-intensity plastic film mulching may more effectively improve moisture conditions in the 0～20 cm soil layer. In terms of agronomic traits, both GQ and CT significantly increased cotton plant height, fruit branch number and boll number per plant. Additionally, the high-intensity plastic film treatment produced a greater yield than traditional polyethylene film(P< 0.05), further enhancing cotton’s production potential. Compared to CK, seed cotton yield under GQ and CT increased by 22.71% and 15.33%, respectively. Overall, high-intensity plastic film improves soil moisture and thermal conditions, promotes cotton growth and development, and contributes to higher cotton yield, outperforming traditional polyethylene film in overall production.更多还原