【摘要】 为开发一种能够响应非接触刺激、无需外部能源持续供给即可锁定临时形状，并能在特定条件下解锁重构的软执行器，本文基于软磁性、硬磁性材料和形状记忆纤维的优点，通过静电纺丝法将四氧化三铁（Fe₃O₄）和钕铁硼（NdFeB）负载在半晶型各向同性形状记忆聚氨酯纤维（SMF）网络中制备了一种磁性形状记忆复合纤维膜（M-SMF）。测试结果表明，M-SMF中Fe₃O₄低矫顽力粒子能够有效吸收超声波能量转化为热能，通过声-热能量转换使自身温度达到50℃,热响应的SMF通过晶体的“结晶-熔融”转变可实现临时形状锁定及记忆效应，NdFeB作为高剩磁粒子填料，经过预定磁化曲线处理后，可使得M-SMF在30 mT驱动磁场（Ba）作用下实现复杂可编程形变，三者共同作用于M-SMF的形变、锁定和解锁。该工作证明了单一材料体系的M-SMF具备热/磁/超声响应致动的多重响应机制，并且可实现收缩、弯曲、折叠、螺旋等复杂形变。更多还原

【Abstract】 To develop a soft actuator capable of responding to non-contact stimuli, locking temporary shapes without continuous supply of external energy, and unlocking reconfiguration under specific conditions, based on the advantages of soft magnetic, hard magnetic materials and shape memory fibers, a magnetic shape memory composite fiber membrane（M-SMF）was prepared by electrospinning Fe₃O₄ and NdFeB onto a semi-crystalline isotropic shape memory polyurethane fiber（SMF）network.The test results show that the low coercivity particles of Fe₃O₄ in M-SMF could effectively absorb ultrasonic energy and convert it into heat energy, raising its own temperature to 50 ℃ through the conversion of acoustic-thermal energy conversion.The thermally responsive SMF could achieve temporary shape locking and memory effect through the“crystallization-melting”transformation of crystals.NdFeB,as the high remanent magnetization filler, could be processed by a predetermined magnetization curve to enable M-SMF to achieve programmable deformation under the action of a 30 mT actuating magnetic field（Ba）.The combined action of these three factors on M-SMF leads to deformation, locking, and unlocking.This work demonstrates that the M-SMF in a single material system possesses multiple response mechanisms such as thermal/magnetic/acoustic response actuations, and could achieve complex deformations such as contraction, bending, folding and coiling.更多还原