【摘要】 面对日益严峻的食物浪费与国民健康双重挑战，构建本土化的食育体系已成为中国的迫切战略需求。本文系统剖析了中国当前食育体系建设在顶层设计、跨部门协同、社会文化观念及实践教育等方面的结构性困境，指出其核心瓶颈在于过度依赖“外部约束”,而未能有效培育全民的“内在认同”。本文深度借鉴了日本近二十年来从立法到实践的成功经验，系统梳理了日本如何通过《食育基本法》及四期“食育推进基本计划”,构建起一个从校园到社会、从认知培养到法律约束、再到数字化创新的“顶层设计—法律保障—分阶段推进—社会协同”的完整治理体系。通过中日比较，本文提出中国应借鉴日本模式，推动食育专项立法，确立其国民教育基础地位；构建政府主导、多方参与的协同机制；创建“学校-家庭-社区-媒体”四位一体的教育网络，强化从“农田到餐桌”的实践体验；并优化供应链管理与食品回收体系。最终目标是实现从“外部约束”向“内在认同”的根本性转变，为保障国家粮食安全和推进“健康中国”战略奠定坚实的社会文化基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Facing the increasingly severe dual challenges of food waste and national health, building a localized food education system has become an urgent strategic need for China. This article systematically analyzes the structural predicaments in the current food education system construction in China in terms of top-level design, cross-departmental collaboration, social and cultural concepts, and practical education, and points out that the core bottleneck lies in the excessive reliance on “external constraints”, while failing to effectively cultivate the “internal identity” of the entire population. This article deeply draws on Japan’s successful experience from legislation to practice over the past two decades, systematically sorting out how Japan has built a complete governance system from “top-level design-legal guarantee-phased promotion-social collaboration” through the Basic Law on Food Education and the four phases of the “Basic Plan for Promoting Food Education”, covering from schools to society, from cognitive cultivation to legal constraints, and then to digital innovation. Through a comparison between China and Japan, this paper proposes that China should draw on the Japanese model, promote special legislation on food education, and establish its fundamental position in national education; build a collaborative mechanism led by the government and involving multiple parties; establish a four-in-one educational network of “school-family-community-media”, and strengthen the practical experience from “farm to table”. And optimize the supply chain management and food recycling system. The ultimate goal is to achieve a fundamental transformation from “external constraints” to “internal identification”, laying a solid social and cultural foundation for ensuring national food security and promoting the “Healthy China” strategy.更多还原