【摘要】 当前世界正面临人工智能发展与应用的转折点，人工智能技术以前所未有的速度和方式迅猛发展，其复杂性、多变性与监管滞后性之间的矛盾愈加尖锐。在大国战略竞争加剧的背景下，人工智能监管呈现独特的权力互动结构和演化轨迹。在国内层面，西方科技公司正凭借自身在技术、经济、社会与政治四个层面的操纵和掌控能力，通过结构性权力、工具性权力与示范性权力的聚合同主权国家围绕监管展开博弈，对国家权力构成一定程度的侵蚀。在国际层面，受技术竞争压力的影响，科技公司作为关键技术的开发者和推动者，其技术权力逐渐被纳入国家战略布局而强化政治性，监管也由此被视为有助于获取决定性优势的战略工具。由此，国家与市场间呈现出更深层次的权力互动和结构性的利益交织，人工智能监管的权力结构也日趋复杂化和多元化，导致全球人工智能治理开始从技术竞争拓展为监管竞争，从而加剧了监管格局的不确定性。有鉴于此，作者提出“人工智能技术权力”的概念，旨在揭示科技公司如何通过结构性、工具性与示范性三类权力的耦合深度嵌入监管过程，从而重塑国家与市场的关系。在此基础上，国际政治经济学应超越传统的利益分配研究视角，对技术主导时代权力结构做出新的理论解释。更多还原

【Abstract】 The world is currently at a critical juncture in the development and application of artificial intelligence( AI),with AI technologies evolving at an unprecedented speed and in complex ways. This rapid evolution has intensified the contradictions between technological complexity,variability,and regulatory lag. Against the backdrop of intensifying strategic competition among major powers,AI regulation presents a unique power interaction structure and evolutionary trajectory. At the domestic level,western technology companies,by virtue of their capabilities in technological,economic,social,and political manipulation and control,are engaging in regulatory contestation with sovereign states. Through the aggregation of structural,instrumental,and exemplary power,these companies have to some extent eroded state authority. At the international level,under the pressure of technological competition,tech firms,as key developers and promoters of critical technologies,are increasingly being incorporated into national strategic agendas,reinforcing the politicization of technology. Consequently,regulation is now perceived as a realist strategic tool conducive to achieving decisive advantages. This dynamic has led to deeper interactions and structural entanglements of power between states and markets,resulting in a more complex and pluralistic power structure in AI regulation. As a result,global AI governance is expanding from competition over technology to competition over regulation,further increasing the uncertainty of the regulatory landscape. This article introduces the concept of “AI technological power”to reveal how technology companies have deeply embedded themselves in regulatory processes through the coupling of structural,instrumental,and exemplary powers,thereby reshaping the power relations between states and markets. Moreover,the article argues that international political economy must move beyond traditional perspectives that focused solely on interest distribution to offer new theoretical explanations for power structures in the technologydriven era.更多还原