【摘要】 目的 了解2022—2023年四川省毗河供水工程对山丘型血吸虫病流行区钉螺扩散的潜在影响，为评估毗河供水工程在血吸虫病防控进程中发挥的作用提供科学依据。方法 选取四川省毗河供水工程沿线7个县（市、区）的17个监测村作为调查区域，于2022—2023年对血吸虫病风险环境进行钉螺分布、扩散和输入调查。使用Excel 2022、SPSS 26.0软件进行数据的整理与分析。有螺框出现率使用χ2检验，活螺密度使用Kruskal-Wallis检验，以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 共调查环境面积758 747 m2，检获钉螺环境20处，查出有螺面积21 330 m2，捕获活螺506只，未发现感染性钉螺。钉螺分布集中于工程上游3个监测点，平均有螺框出现率为20.66%（最大值40.00%），平均活螺密度0.20只/0.1 m2（最大值0.54只/0.1 m2），不同环境间有螺框出现率（χ2=0.250）与活螺密度（H=1.149）均无统计学差异（P均>0.05）。钉螺孳生环境以水田为主（75.00%）。毗河供水工程上游漂浮物监测中检获2只钉螺，均为死螺，主干渠及冲沙口未发现钉螺；上下游打捞漂浮物中均发现其他螺类，累计147只。15处引种植物风险环境监测未检出钉螺。结论 四川省毗河供水工程现阶段输水渠系尚未出现钉螺扩散。然而，鉴于血防水利工程具有复杂性与长期性，应将钉螺扩散监测体系纳入工程常态化管理范畴，同时建立多部门协同的风险评估机制，整合水利工程参数、钉螺生态学数据和流行病学监测结果，开展风险评估。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To understand the potential impact of the Pihe Water Supply Project in Sichuan Province from 2022 to 2023 on the diffusion of Oncomelania hupensis in hilly schistosomiasisendemic areas, and to provide scientific evidence for evaluating its role in the prevention and control process of schistosomiasis. Methods A total of 17 villages of 7 counties/city/district along the Pihe Water Supply Project route in Sichuan Province were selected as the investigation areas.Surveys on snail distribution, diffusion and introduction were conducted in schistosomiasis-risk environments from 2022 to 2023. Data were sorted analyzed by using Excel 2022 and SPSS 26.0softwares. Snail frame occurrence rates were compared by using χ2tests, and live snail densities were analyzed via Kruskal-Wallis tests. P<0.05 was considered to be statistically different. Results Among 758 747 m2environmental areas which were surveyed, 20 environments with Oncomelania hupensis were identified,and the total snail area was 21 330 m2,with 506 live snails captured and no infected snails detected. Snail distribution concentrated in three upstream monitoring sites,showing an average frame occurrence rate of 20.66%(peak:40.00%) and a live snail density of0.20 snail/0.1 m2(peak:0.54 snail/0.1 m2). No significant differences in frame occurrence rates （χ2=0.250） or live snail densities(H=1.149) were observed across different environments(all P>0.05).Primary snail habitats were paddy fields(75.00%). During the monitoring of floating objects in the upstream of the Pihe Water Supply Project, two Oncomelania hupensis snails were detected, both of which were dead. While none were detected in main canals or sand-flushing outlets. Non-target snails(total 147) were identified in floating debris from both upstream and downstream areas. No snails were detected in 15 plant-introduction risk environments. Conclusions As present, there has been no snail diffusion within the water conveyance chanel system of the Pihe Water Supply Project in Sichuan Province. However,given the complexity and long-term nature of schistosomiasis control hydraulic projects, the monitoring system for the spread of Oncomelania hupensis should be incorporated into the scope of regular project management, and the multi-department collaborative risk assessment mechanism should be established. This system should dynamically evaluate risks by synthesizing hydraulic parameters,snail ecology data and epidemiological surveillance results.更多还原