【摘要】 负重深蹲是一种常见的下肢力量训练动作，但运动不当常常会造成关节受损或肌肉拉伤，增加深蹲负重会增加膝关节和周围肌肉的负荷，从而影响关节的稳定性和潜在的受伤风险，过紧的压缩裤也会导致血液循环受限，影响运动表现。为探究穿着压缩裤对人体膝关节的防护作用，以及压缩裤紧度和负重水平对膝关节角的影响，文章选取6名身材相近的受试者，在负重0、 5、 10 kg时分别穿着4条紧度不同的压缩裤，利用Qualisys Oqus500+三维运动采集与分析系统，获取受试者深蹲时的三维坐标，基于逆向原理计算膝关节的屈伸角、收展角和内外旋角。结果表明，深蹲运动时穿着紧度适当的压缩裤对人体膝关节能起到一定的防护作用。其中，紧度每增加10%,膝关节角减小约2°～4°,且压缩裤紧度对膝关节角的影响大于负重。研究结果可为压缩裤的设计、生产和选用提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Weighted squatting is a common lower limb strength training movement, and is widely used in training to enhance the strength of leg muscles. However, improper exercise often results in joint damage or muscle strains, especially in knee joints, which are the most fragile and complex joints in the human body, as well as an important part of maintaining the stability of the movement. Currently, although knee pads are commonly studied for knee protection, many fitness enthusiasts choose not to wear them out of concern for muscle atrophy and joint instability that may result from long-term reliance on knee pads. And a number of researchers have found that appropriately tight compression trousers can help reduce the impact on the knee joints during deep squats, providing fixation and support and significantly reducing the impact of strenuous exercise on the knee joints.This paper used three-dimensional motion capture technology to investigate whether wearing compression trousers protect the human knee joint, and the effects of compression trouser tightness and weight loading level on the knee joint using the example of weighted is squatting. Six subjects of similar body size were selected to wear four pairs of compression trousers with different tightness levels(0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) when they were loaded with a weight of 0 kg, 5 kg, and 10 kg, respectively. By using Qualisys Oqus500+ 3D motion acquisition and analysis system, the 3D coordinates of the subjects during deep squatting were obtained, and the flexion/extension, extension/adduction and internal/external rotation angles of the knee joint were calculated based on the inverse principle.The results showed that wearing appropriately tight compression trousers for deep squatting exercise could provide a certain degree of protection for the knee joint. Specifically, for every 10% increase in the tightness of the compression trousers, the knee joint angle was correspondingly reduced by approximately 2° to 4°. In addition, the tightness of the compression trousers had an effect on knee angle that even exceeded the effect of load level. When subjects performed deep squatting in medium to high tightness compression trousers, especially in the support phase of deep squatting to the lowest point, the knee flexion and extension angles, extension and retraction angles, and internal and external rotation angles all dropped. This indicated that compression tightness reduced knee joint abduction-adduction and rotational range of motion, demonstrating a certain protective effect. However, this protective effect was diminished when the compression trousers were tighter than 20%. It was also found that for the same tightness of compression trousers, the knee angle during the support period became smaller as the load increased, indicating that the higher the load, the more protective effect of compression trousers was evident due to the improved pressure distribution of compression trousers which provided more stable support. The greater the tightness of the compression trousers, the greater the effect of the load level on the knee joint range of motion, with a significant reduction at 5 kg by about 3° to 5° in the internal and external rotation angle of the knee joint.This paper mainly analyzes the effects of compression trouser tightness and human body weight loading on the knee joint angle, and concludes that medium and high elasticity compression trousers have a certain protective effect on the human knee joint, especially the weighted squatting as a lower limb strength training movement. The results of the study may provide reference for the design, production and selection of compression trousers.更多还原