【摘要】 《神农本草经》明确记载知母主“肢体浮肿”“下水”，然而这些功效主治在《中华人民共和国药典》和《中药学》教材中均未提及。通过梳理历代本草、方书等古医籍，同时结合文字学考证得出：知母“下水”是指“去除水肿”的功效，“肢体浮肿”是指其针对四肢的浮肿疗效最为显著，历代医家应用知母“下水”时亦以治疗四肢肿胀的记载最为突出。然而，由于知母功效表述的转变以及药效解释下医家对其清热功效的强调，知母主“肢体浮肿”“下水”之功逐渐被遗忘。因此，重新审视古存今失的中药功效是本草学发展过程中十分重要且不可避免的环节。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Shennong Bencao Jing(The Divine Farmer’s Materia Medica) clearly records the therapeutic effects of Zhimu(Anemarrhenae Rhizoma) in treating "limb edema" and "draining water". However, these therapeutic effects are not mentioned in the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China or in Chinese Materia Medica textbooks. By reviewing ancient medical texts, including various bencao and formula books, and incorporating philological evidence, we conclude that "draining water" refers to the effect of removing edema, while "limb edema" indicates that Zhimu(Anemarrhenae Rhizoma) exerts its most prominent therapeutic effect specifically in alleviating edema of the limbs. Throughout history, when Zhimu(Anemarrhenae Rhizoma) was used for its "draining water" effect, the most prominent application recorded was in treating limb edema. However, due to shifts in the expression of its therapeutic effects and a growing emphasis on its heat-clearing effect by clinicians, the traditional indications for treating "body edema" and "draining water" have been gradually forgotten. Therefore, reviewing the therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicines that have been lost over time is an important and inevitable aspect of the development of bencaology(the study of Chinese materia medica).更多还原