【摘要】 夏商西周王朝是以王邦为中心、由众多邦国共同组成的“天下”型国家。夏王朝作为古代中国的第一个王朝，其“天下”型国家形态有着独特的形成路径：中国史前文明格局从“满天星斗”向“中原中心”的演变，为构建以中原为“天下之中”的“天下”型国家奠定了基础；五帝时代，华夏、东夷、苗蛮三大部族集团向中原地区迁徙并展开大规模的族群互动，催生了一个比部落联盟更高层级的族邦联盟，成为夏王朝国家赖以产生的社会组织；族邦联盟在广大地域范围内行使社会管理职能，初步形成了超族群、跨地域的社会管理权力，为夏王朝国家公共权力的诞生孕育了胚胎；族邦联盟的社会职能不断发展并逐渐上升为统治社会的公共权力，盟主权不断集中并最终转变为统治天下的最高王权，由此实现了族邦联盟向夏王朝“天下”型国家的飞跃。独具特色的国家起源路径，是决定中国不断走向统一多民族国家发展道路的历史基因。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Xia, Shang, and Western Zhou dynasties represented the forms of the “Tianxia”(天下, all-under-Heaven) states, characterized by a central royal domain governing numerous affiliated polities. The Xia Dynasty, as ancient China’s first dynasty, followed a unique path in the formation of its Tianxia state. This process began with the evolution of prehistoric civilization from a “dispersed stars-like” pattern to a “Central Plains-centric” model, laying the essential groundwork for a centralized Tianxia state with the Central Plains as its center. Subsequently, during the Five Emperors era, the large-scale migration and intensive ethnic interactions among the Huaxia(华夏), Dongyi(东夷) and Miaoman(苗蛮) tribal groups in the Central Plains led to the emergence of a tribal-state alliance. This alliance, representing a higher organization level than a mere tribal confederation, served as the fundamental social structure for the nascent Xia Dynasty. As this tribal-state alliance expanded its social management functions across a vast geographical area, it progressively developed into a supra-ethnic and trans-regional social management power, nurturing the embryonic public authority of the future Xia Dynasty. Ultimately, the alliance’s evolving social functions transformed into institutionalized rule, gradually converging administrative authority to the supreme royal power that governed “all-under-Heaven”. This marked the pivotal transition from tribal-state alliances to the Xia dynasty’s Tianxia state. The distinctive path of state origin proved fundamental to China’s continuous development as a unified multi-ethnic state.更多还原