【摘要】 为提高桃液体授粉效率，研究了悬浮剂、糖、硼酸、尿素、储放时间及温度等因素对花粉活力的影响。结果表明：（1）羟甲基纤维素钠（黏度300～800 MPa）、羟甲基纤维素钠（黏度800～1 200 MPa）、黄原胶、阿拉伯胶、琼脂5种悬浮剂处理后的花粉萌发率和花粉管长度均高于对照，0.05%琼脂悬浮稳定性最好。（2）随着葡萄糖和蔗糖浓度的上升，花粉萌发率呈上升趋势，在相同浓度条件下，蔗糖处理的花粉萌发率高于葡萄糖，其中15%为最适蔗糖浓度。（3）硼酸能够提高花粉萌发率和花粉管长度，以0.03%的浓度效果最佳。（4）0.10%～0.40%浓度的尿素处理会降低花粉萌发率和花粉管长度，不利于花粉的萌发和花粉管的伸长。（5）随着花粉营养液储放时间的增加，花粉萌发率呈下降趋势，储放2 h时与对照差异不显著，储放3 h后显著低于对照。（6）随着花粉营养液储放温度的升高，花粉萌发率和花粉管长度呈下降趋势，4℃和15℃条件下花粉活力较高。研究筛选出的桃液体授粉的花粉营养液最佳配方为0.05%琼脂+15%蔗糖+0.03%硼酸+1 g/L花粉，储放最佳温度为4～15℃，使用最佳时间为配好后2 h内。更多还原

【Abstract】 To improve the efficiency of liquid pollination in peach,the effects of suspending agents,sugars,boric acid,urea,storage time and temperature on pollen viability were investigated. The results showed that:(1)Five suspending agents-sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose(viscosity 300-800 MPa),sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose(viscosity 800-1 200 MPa),xanthan gum,arabic gum and agar-all resulted in higher pollen germination rates and pollen tube lengths compared to the control,with 0. 05% agar showing the best suspension stability.(2)Pollen germination rates increased with rising concentration of glucose and sucrose. Under the same concentration,sucrose treatment yielded higher germination rates than glucose,with 15% sucrose being the optimal concentration.(3)Boric acid enhanced both pollen germination rate and pollen tube length,and 0. 03% was the best concentration.(4)The treatment of 0. 10%-0. 40% urea reduced pollen germination rate and pollen tube length,inhibiting pollen germination and tube elongation.(5)Pollen germination rate decreased with increasing storage time of the pollen nutrition solution. No significant difference was observed after 2 h storage compared to the control,while rates significantly decreased after 3 h.(6)Both the pollen germination rate and tube length decreased with rising storage temperature of pollen nutrient solution,with higher pollen viability maintained at 4 ℃ and 15 ℃. In this study,the optimal formulation for peach liquid pollination was 0. 05% agar + 15% sucrose + 0. 03% boric acid + 1 g/L pollen,with optimal storage temperature 4-15 ℃,and the solution should be used within 2 h of preparation.更多还原